Outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients with non-V600E BRAF mutations: a series of case reports and literature review
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer. The standard first-line therapy for patients without oncogenic driver metastatic NSCLC is anti PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with platinum-based chemotherapy. Approximately 4% of NSCLC patients harbor BRAF mutations; the V600E mutation is the most common. Non-V600 mutations is an heterogeneous population and account for approximately 50% of BRAF-mutated NSCLC. BRAF mutations are classified into 3 functional classes based on their kinase activity and their signaling mechanism. Th...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Case report: Primary CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy in locally advanced breast cancer and its effect on gut and intratumoral microbiota
Locally advanced breast cancer poses significant challenges to the multidisciplinary team, in particular with hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative tumors that classically yield lower pathological complete responses with chemotherapy. The increasingly significant use of CDK 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) plus endocrine therapy (ET) in different breast cancer settings has led to clinical trials focusing on this strategy as a primary treatment, with promising results. The impact of the microbiota on cancer, and vice-versa, is an emerging topic in oncology. The authors report a clinical case of a postmenopausal female patie...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A real-world retrospective, observational study of first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion score < 50% (PEMBROREAL)
ConclusionThe results of the PEMBROREAL study have shown that the combined treatment of pembrolizumab with pemetrexed and platinum is effective for metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, even for patients with PD-L1 levels below 50%, despite the differences in patient demographics and pathological features compared to the Keynote-189 study. The adverse events reported during the study were more typical of chemotherapy treatment rather than immunotherapy, and physicians were able to manage them easily. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Hyperthyroidism in non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: two case reports and literature review
ConclusionDespite being a rare event, the presence of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis without clear etiology in a young man should lead to consider less frequent causes such as testicular tumors. Even if patients typically have mild symptoms that resolve after chemotherapy, in rare cases, it can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and specific intervention. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Editorial: Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer
(Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Venetoclax combined chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionThe VEN+chemo therapy demonstrates significant efficacy and safety profile in AML patients. However, more prospective studies are needed in the future to provide more accurate and robust evidence for treatment selection in patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023439288, identifier CRD42023439288. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Engineered exosomes in emerging cell-free therapy
The discovery and use of exosomes ushered in a new era of cell-free therapy. Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that show great potential in disease treatment. Engineered exosomes. with their improved functions have attracted intense interests of their application in translational medicine research. However, the technology of engineering exosomes still faces many challenges which have been the great limitation for their clinical application. This review summarizes the current status of research on engineered exosomes and the difficulties encountered in recent years, with a view to providing new approaches an...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Case report: Urachal perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
ConclusionsUrachal PEComa is a rare mesenchymal tumor that presents challenges in diagnosis through imaging and clinical symptoms. Definitive diagnosis relies on pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Due to the rarity of urachal PEComa, prognosis assessment necessitates long-term follow-up and evaluation of more cases. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Decreasing the steroid rapidly may help to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with intestinal steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease receiving basiliximab treatment
Intestinal steroid refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) is the major cause of mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the relationship between different steroid decreasing velocity and therapeutic response in patients with intestinal SR-aGVHD receiving basiliximab treatment, and also aimed to propose a reasonable steroid decreasing regimen for these patients. The median time for steroid dose decreasing to the 50% of initial dose and decreasing to the low-dose steroid for patients achieving ORR was 5 days and 12 days, res...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Research progress of immunotherapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer
This study discusses the mechanism, tumor microenvironment, clinical trials, adverse events, limitations and future directions associated with ATC immunotherapy. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Case report: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in three pediatric cases with medulloblastoma
ConclusionsThis report highlights the potential association between genetic predisposition syndromes and the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors. It underscores the importance of surveillance for hematological abnormalities among such patients. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The utility of liquid biopsy-based methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. It is also one of the few cancers with established screening guidelines, however these methods have significant patient burden (e.g., time, invasive). In recent years, the development of liquid biopsy-based screening methods for biomarker detection have emerged as alternatives to traditional screening. Methylation biomarkers are of particular interest, and these markers can be identified and measured on circulating tumor and cell-free DNA. This perspective summarizes the current state of ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Status of mental and social activities of young and middle-aged patients after papillary thyroid cancer surgery
ConclusionYoung and middle-aged patients with PTC commonly experience a range of health-related issues and disease-specific symptoms following surgery, accompanied by inferior psychological well-being, HRQoL, and work readiness. It is crucial to prioritize timely interventions targeting postoperative psychological support, HRQoL improvement, and the restoration of working ability in PTC patients. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prognostic and clinical pathological significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionThese findings suggest a significant association between high SII levels before treatment and poor survival outcomes, as well as certain clinical pathological features, in patients with urothelial carcinoma. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Lysyl oxidase-like 4 promotes the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells by orchestrating the invasive machinery formed by annexin A2 and S100A11 on the cell surface
ConclusionWe have refined our understanding of the role of LOXL4 in TNBC cell invasion: namely, LOXL4 mediates the upregulation of annexin A2 at the cell surface, the upregulated annexin 2 binds S100A11 and S100A10, and the resulting annexin A2/S100A11 complex acts as a receptor of plasminogen, readily converting it into active-form plasmin and thereby enhancing invasion. (Source: Frontiers in Oncology)
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - March 26, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
