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In Vitro Hepatotoxicity of Routinely Used Opioids and Sedative Drugs
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 30;46(4):3022-3038. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040189.ABSTRACTA hepatocyte cell line was used to determine the hepatotoxicity of sedatives and opioids, as the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has not yet been well characterized. This might pose a threat, especially to critically ill patients, as they often receive high cumulative doses for daily analgosedation and often already have impaired liver function due to an underlying disease or complications during treatment. A well-established biosensor based on HepG2/C3A cells was used for the determination of the hepatotoxicity of commonly used sedatives an...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Katharina Haller Sandra Do ß Martin Sauer Source Type: research

PARP-Targeted Radiotheranostics with Auger Electrons: An Updated Overview
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 31;46(4):3039-3049. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040190.ABSTRACTAuger electrons (AEs) represent an intriguing topic in the field of radionuclide therapy. They are emitted by several radionuclides commonly used in nuclear medicine (indium-111, iodine-123, iodine-125), allowing for highly localized energy deposition and thus exerting a radiotoxic effect on specific cellular and sub-cellular targets. However, due to their short range in matter, AEs have had limited use in therapeutic applications so far. In recent years, the synthesis of various radiopharmaceuticals capable of binding to the enzyme poly(A...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Luca Filippi Luca Urso Laura Evangelista Source Type: research

Calcitriol Treatment Decreases Cell Migration, Viability and β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Dysplasia
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 2;46(4):3050-3062. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040191.ABSTRACTNearly 90% of oral cancers are characterized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the sixth most common type of cancer. OSCC usually evolves from oral potentially malignant disorders that, in some cases, are histologically consistent with a oral dysplasia. The levels of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3; calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D3, have been shown to be decreased in patients with oral dysplasia and OSCC. Moreover, treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been proven beneficial in OSCC by inhibiting the Wnt/β-c...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Daniel Pe ña-Oyarzún Constanza Guzm án Catalina Kretschmar Vicente A Torres Andrea Maturana-Ramirez Juan Aitken Montserrat Reyes Source Type: research

Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Chemically Induced Defense Activation in Maize against Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease
This study aimed to understand the resistance mechanisms against banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in maize hybrid "Vivek QPM-9". Seven fungicides at recommended doses (1000 and 500 ppm) and two plant defense inducers, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, were applied. Fungicides, notably Azoxystrobin and Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole, demonstrated superior efficacy against BLSB, while Pencycuron showed limited effectiveness. Field-sprayed Azoxystrobin exhibited the lowest BLSB infection, correlating with heightened antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POX, β-1,3-glucanase,...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shah Mahmood Hamidi Shweta Meshram Aundy Kumar Archana Singh Rajbir Yadav Robin Gogoi Source Type: research

Identifying Candidate Polyphenols Beneficial for Oxidative Liver Injury through Multiscale Network Analysis
This study not only corroborates the efficacy of identified polyphenols in liver health but also opens avenues for future investigations into their mechanistic actions.PMID:38666923 | PMC:PMC11049334 | DOI:10.3390/cimb46040193 (Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology)
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sang Yun Han Ji-Hwan Kim Gi-Sang Bae Won-Yung Lee Source Type: research

Autism Spectrum Disorder- and/or Intellectual Disability-Associated Semaphorin-5A Exploits the Mechanism by Which Dock5 Signalosome Molecules Control Cell Shape
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 2;46(4):3092-3107. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040194.ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties in social interactions, communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. While genetic mutations in individuals with ASD can either activate or inactivate the activities of the gene product, impacting neuronal morphogenesis and causing symptoms, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully established. Herein, for the first time...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Miyu Okabe Takanari Sato Mikito Takahashi Asahi Honjo Maho Okawa Miki Ishida Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino Mikako Shirouzu Yuki Miyamoto Junji Yamauchi Source Type: research

The Property of a Key Amino Acid Determines the Function of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase in < em > Sporobolomyces pararoseus < /em > NGR
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 3;46(4):3108-3121. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040195.ABSTRACTFarnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) catalyzes the synthesis of C15 farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) from C5 dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and two or three C5 isopentenyl diphosphates (IPPs). FPP is an important precursor for the synthesis of isoprenoids and is involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Here, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase from Sporobolomyces pararoseus NGR (SpFPPS) was isolated and expressed by the prokaryotic expression system. The SpFPPS full-length genomic DNA and cDNA are 1566 bp and 1053 bp, respectively. This gene enc...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yunjiao Wang Ning Zhang Jianyu Yan Chunwang Li Nan Zeng Dandan Wang Zijing Li Bingxue Li Yingfeng An Source Type: research

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Stroke: Increased Risk or Potential for Protection-A Narrative Review
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 4;46(4):3122-3133. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040196.ABSTRACTWorldwide, approximately 15 million people per year suffer from stroke. With about 5 million deaths, stroke is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of long-term disability. It is estimated that about 25% of people older than 85 years will develop stroke. Cannabis sativa and derived cannabinoids have been used for recreational and medical purposes for many centuries. However, due to the legal status in the past, research faced restrictions, and cannabis use was stigmatized for potential negative impacts on health. With the...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Caroline Carter Lindsay Laviolette Bashir Bietar Juan Zhou Christian Lehmann Source Type: research

Thioredoxin Domain Containing 5 (TXNDC5): Friend or Foe?
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 4;46(4):3134-3163. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040197.ABSTRACTThis review focuses on the thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), also known as endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 (ERp46), a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family with a dual role in multiple diseases. TXNDC5 is highly expressed in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pancreatic β-cells, liver cells, and hypoxic tissues, such as cancer endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. TXNDC5 plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and antioxidative stress. Its potential significance in cancer...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Seyed Hesamoddin Bidooki Mar ía A Navarro Susana C M Fernandes Jesus Osada Source Type: research

Challenges in Defining a Reference Set of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs in Ulcerative Colitis by Meta-Analysis
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 5;46(4):3164-3174. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040198.ABSTRACTThe study aimed to identify common differentially expressed lncRNAs from manually curated ulcerative colitis (UC) gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. Nine UC transcriptomic datasets of clearly annotated human colonic biopsies were included in the study. The datasets were manually curated to select active UC samples and controls. R packages geneknitR, gprofiler, clusterProfiler were used for gene symbol annotation. The R EdgeR package was used to analyze differential expression. This resulted in a total of nineteen lncRNAs that were diff...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christopher G Fenton Mithlesh Kumar Ray Ruth H Paulssen Source Type: research

Nur77 Mediates Anaphylaxis by Regulating miR-21a
This study aimed to identify molecules that could mediate allergic inflammations. To this end, we performed RNA sequencing analysis employing bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Antigen (DNP-HSA) stimulation increased the expression levels of transcription factors such as Nr4a3 (NOR1), Nr4a1 (Nur77), and Nr4a2 (Nurr1). We focused our study on Nur77. Antigen stimulation increased the expression of Nur77 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). The downregulation of Nur77 prevented both antigen-induced increase in β-hexosaminidase activity as well as hallmarks of allergic reactions...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hyein Jo Jaewhoon Jeoung Kyeonghee Shim Dooil Jeoung Source Type: research

Revisiting Neuroblastoma: Nrf2, NF- κB and Phox2B as a Promising Network in Neuroblastoma
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 6;46(4):3193-3208. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040200.ABSTRACTNeuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor during childhood; it displays extraordinary heterogeneous clinical courses, from spontaneous regression to poor outcome in high-risk patients due to aggressive growth, metastasizing, and treatment resistance. Therefore, the identification and detailed analysis of promising tumorigenic molecular mechanisms are inevitable. This review highlights the abnormal regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B as well as their interactions among each other in neuroblastoma. NF-κB and Nrf2 play a ke...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sara Peggion Safiullah Najem Jan Philipp Kolman Konrad Reinshagen Laia Pagerols Raluy Source Type: research

Prenatal Diagnosis by Trio Clinical Exome Sequencing: Single Center Experience
This study aims to identify the genetic cause of ultrasound anomalies through clinical exome sequencing (CES) analysis. The focus is on utilizing CES analysis in a trio setting, involving the fetuses and both parents. To achieve this objective, prenatal trio clinical exome sequencing was conducted in 51 fetuseses exhibiting ultrasound anomalies with previously negative results from chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis. The study revealed pathogenic variants in 24% of the analyzed cases (12 out of 51). It is worth noting that the findings include de novo variants in 50% of cases and the transmission of causative variants f...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Katia Margiotti Marco Fabiani Antonella Cima Francesco Libotte Alvaro Mesoraca Claudio Giorlandino Source Type: research

Stimulus-Induced Activation of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Promoter in Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cells: Major Role of a tandem cAMP Response Element
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 7;46(4):3218-3235. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040202.ABSTRACTThe glycoprotein hormones LH, FSH, TSH and chorionic gonadotropin consist of a common α-subunit and a hormone-specific β-subunit. The α-subunit is expressed in the pituitary and the placental cells, and its expression is regulated by extracellular signal molecules. Much is known about the regulation of the α-subunit gene in the pituitary, but few studies have addressed the regulation of this gene in trophoblasts. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of stimulus-induced α-subunit gene transcription in JEG-3 ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lars B ürvenich Oliver G R össler Gerald Thiel Source Type: research

Radiogenomics and Texture Analysis to Detect von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Mutation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Apr 8;46(4):3236-3250. doi: 10.3390/cimb46040203.ABSTRACTRadiogenomics, a burgeoning field in biomedical research, explores the correlation between imaging features and genomic data, aiming to link macroscopic manifestations with molecular characteristics. In this review, we examine existing radiogenomics literature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the predominant renal cancer, and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutation, the most frequent genetic mutation in ccRCC. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted through searches on the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Sc...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - April 26, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Federico Greco Valerio D'Andrea Bruno Beomonte Zobel Carlo Augusto Mallio Source Type: research