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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 2;46(3):1987-2026. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030130.ABSTRACTMitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation and ROS production. Considering that mitochondria are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role within several age-related diseases, including cancers, diabetes (type 2), and neurodegene...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sydney Bartman Giuseppe Coppotelli Jaime M Ross Source Type: research

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insight into the Glucose-Induced Adipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes
In this study, we combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms of high glucose (HG) on adipogenesis by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) identified in porcine adipocytes. Results showed that HG (20 mmol/L) significantly increased fat accumulation in porcine adipocytes compared to low glucose (LG, 5 mmol/L). A total of 843 DEGs and 365 DAMs were identified. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs found that multiple pathways were related to adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and immune-inflammatory responses. PPARγ,...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Susu Jiang Guohua Zhang Jian Miao Dianhu Wu Ximei Li Jiawei Li Jianxiong Lu Shuangbao Gun Source Type: research

Use of Collagen in Cosmetic Products
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 4;46(3):2043-2070. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030132.ABSTRACTCollagen (CLG) belongs to the family of fibrillar proteins and is composed of left-handed α polypeptide chains, which, twisting around themselves and their axis, form a right-handed superhelix. In the chemical structure, it contains mainly proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and hydroxylysine. It occurs naturally in the dermis in the form of fibers that provide the skin with proper density and elasticity. The review aimed to present the types of collagen protein, factors affecting its structure and its unusual role in the functioning of the ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Barbara Jadach Zofia Mielcarek Tomasz Osma łek Source Type: research

Melanocortin Derivatives Induced Vascularization and Neuroglial Proliferation in the Rat Brain under Conditions of Cerebral Ischemia
In this study the neuroprotective activity of melanocortin-like ACTH(4-7)PGP and ACTH(6-9)PGP peptides was investigated in rat brain at 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The severity of ischemic damage, changes in the proliferative activity of neuroglial cells and vascularization of rat brain tissue were analyzed. The administration of peptides resulted in a significant increase in the volume density of neurons in the perifocal zone of infarction compared to rats subjected to ischemia and receiving saline. Immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferative activity of neuroglia cells using PCNA ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vasily V Stavchansky Vadim V Yuzhakov Larisa E Sevan'kaeva Natalia K Fomina Anastasia E Koretskaya Alina E Denisova Ivan V Mozgovoy Leonid V Gubsky Ivan B Filippenkov Nikolay F Myasoedov Svetlana A Limborska Lyudmila V Dergunova Source Type: research

Development of Multiplex Molecular Assays for Simultaneous Detection of Dengue Serotypes and Chikungunya Virus for Arbovirus Surveillance
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 6;46(3):2093-2104. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030134.ABSTRACTThe major arboviruses mainly belong to the Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae, and Flaviviridae families, among which the chikungunya virus and dengue virus have emerged as global public health problems. The main objective of this study was to develop specific, sensitive, and cost-effective molecular multiplex RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays for the rapid and simultaneous detection of CHIKV and the four serotypes of DENV for arbovirus surveillance. Specific primers for all viruses were designed, and one-step multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) and RT-qPCR (mRT-qPC...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Louis Robert W Belem Sylvester Agha Ibemgbo Michel Kir éopori Gomgnimbou Dileep Kumar Verma Antoinette Kabor é Ankit Kumar Ibrahim Sangar é Sujatha Sunil Source Type: research

Testosterone Inhibits Secretion of the Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine CXCL1 from Astrocytes
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 6;46(3):2105-2118. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030135.ABSTRACTAstrocytes play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the CNS, e.g., in demyelinating diseases. Since the chemokine CXCL1 is known to be secreted by astrocytes and to have a pro-inflammatory effect on immune cells in the CNS, we verified the effect of testosterone on its secretion in vitro (in the astrocytic cell line DI TNC1). Testosterone reduced the increase in CXCL1 production caused by the pro-inflammatory agent lysophosphatidylcholine and restored the basal production level of CXCL1. The androgen receptor...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Malgorzata Turniak-Kusy Maciej Studzian Piotr Szpakowski Piotr Kuchta Kaja Smietanka Claudia Mattern Lukasz Pulaski Bartosz Bielecki Source Type: research

Anti-Tumor Potential of Post-Translational Modifications of PD-1
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 6;46(3):2119-2132. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030136.ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a vital immune checkpoint molecule. The location, stability, and protein-protein interaction of PD-1 are significantly influenced by post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. The biological information of PD-1, including its gene and protein structures and the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, was briefly reviewed in this review. Additionally, recent research on PD-1 post-translational modification, including the study of ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation, was s...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaoming Xi Wuli Zhao Source Type: research

Study on Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Psidium guajava Leaf Extracts
In this study, the use of concentrated P. guajava leaf extract molecules as a functional natural material was evaluated by confirming the extract's antioxidative, antibacterial, tyrosinase activity inhibition, and collagenase activity inhibition effects and its trans-2-nonenal removal ability. As a result of the analysis of the antioxidant and antibacterial components of concentrated P. guajava leaf extract molecules through GC-MS, a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon molecules were detected. When different concentrations of ethanol were used for extraction, the leaf extract concentrated with 70% ethanol showed the most ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hyonam Park Bohee Kim Yuri Kang Woonjung Kim Source Type: research

Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Transcriptional Sirtuin 1 Signaling Regulation in Male Mice White Adipose Tissue
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 7;46(3):2144-2154. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030138.ABSTRACTChronic sleep restriction (CSR) is a prevalent issue in modern society that is associated with several pathological states, ranging from neuropsychiatric to metabolic diseases. Despite its known impact on metabolism, the specific effects of CSR on the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis at the level of white adipose tissue (WAT) remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of CSR on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marco Rendine Paolo Cocci Luisa de Vivo Michele Bellesi Francesco Alessandro Palermo Source Type: research

Increased Apolipoprotein A1 Expression Correlates with Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and T Lymphocytes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
In this study, we examined the relationship between UTUC-derived factors and tumor-associated neutrophils or T lymphocytes. The culture supernatant from UTUC tumor tissue modulated neutrophils to inhibit T cell proliferation. Among the dominant factors secreted by UTUC tumor tissue, apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) exhibited a positive correlation with NLR. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils were inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating T cells. Elevated Apo-A1 levels in UTUC were also inversely associated with the population of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our findings indicate that elevated Apo-A1 expression in UTUC c...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chih-Chia Chang Chia-Bin Chang Chiung-Ju Chen Chun-Liang Tung Chi-Feng Hung Wei-Hong Lai Cheng-Huang Shen Chang-Yu Tsai Ya-Yan Lai Ming-Yang Lee Shu-Fen Wu Pi-Che Chen Source Type: research

Inflammation Factors and Genistein Supplementation in Cancer-Preliminary Research
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 7;46(3):2166-2180. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030140.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of genistein in nano, micro, and macro forms on the intensity of the DMBA-induced tumor process in rats and to understand the mechanisms of this action. The effect of genistein supplementation on the content of selected eicosanoids (HETEs, HODE, and HEPE) in the serum of rats was evaluated. The levels and expression of genes encoding various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) and MMP-9 in the blood of rats were also investigated. The biological material for the study was blood obtain...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Karolina Bany ś Ma łgorzata Jelińska Ma łgorzata Wrzosek Dorota Skrajnowska Robert Wrzesie ń Wojciech Bielecki Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Source Type: research

To Repair a Broken Heart: Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 8;46(3):2181-2208. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030141.ABSTRACTDespite improvements in contemporary medical and surgical therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality; more specifically, ischemic heart disease (IHD) may affect individuals as young as 20 years old. Typically managed with guideline-directed medical therapy, interventional or surgical methods, the incurred cardiomyocyte loss is not always completely reversible; however, recent research into various stem cell (SC) populations has highlighted their potential for the treatment and pe...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Theodora M Stougiannou Konstantinos C Christodoulou Ioannis Dimarakis Dimitrios Mikroulis Dimos Karangelis Source Type: research

Autophagy-Dependent Secretion: Crosstalk between Autophagy and Exosome Biogenesis
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 8;46(3):2209-2235. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030142.ABSTRACTThe cellular secretome is pivotal in mediating intercellular communication and coordinating responses to stressors. Exosomes, initially recognized for their role in waste disposal, have now emerged as key intercellular messengers with significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Similarly, autophagy has transcended its traditional role as a waste removal mechanism, emerging as a regulator of intracellular communication pathways and a contributor to a unique autophagy-dependent secretome. Secretory authophagy, initiated by various stres...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ekaterina Zubkova Alexander Kalinin Anastasya Bolotskaya Irina Beloglazova Mikhail Menshikov Source Type: research

The Beneficial Role of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 in the Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis
In this study, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) was orally administered for a duration of 4 weeks, followed by the induction of AD using ovalbumin (OVA) in a mouse model. The skin condition of the stimulated site was observed during the induction period. Subsequently, the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) content, splenocyte T cell typing, and skin histological interpretation were examined to evaluate the efficacy of NTU 101 in alleviating AD symptoms in allergen-exposed animals. The findings indicated that administering NTU 101 beforehand effectively alleviated skin symptoms in animals with AD. It red...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chin-Feng Liu Tsung-Wei Shih Chun-Lin Lee Tzu-Ming Pan Source Type: research

A Bee Trp-Arg Dense Peptide with Antiproliferation Efficacy against the Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU145
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 10;46(3):2251-2262. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030144.ABSTRACTProstate cancer accounts for 14% of male cancer-related fatalities in the UK. Given the challenges associated with hormone-based therapies in the context of androgen-independent prostate cancer, there is an imperative need for research into anticancer drugs. N0821, a peptide belonging to the Trp-Arg dense region and derived from the homologous region of various bee species, shows substantial potential for an anticancer effect. Both MTT assays and 3D spheroid assays were conducted to substantiate its antiproliferation potential and strongly...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ye-Eun Kim Ki-Young Kim Source Type: research