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Testosterone Inhibits Secretion of the Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine CXCL1 from Astrocytes
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 6;46(3):2105-2118. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030135.ABSTRACTAstrocytes play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the CNS, e.g., in demyelinating diseases. Since the chemokine CXCL1 is known to be secreted by astrocytes and to have a pro-inflammatory effect on immune cells in the CNS, we verified the effect of testosterone on its secretion in vitro (in the astrocytic cell line DI TNC1). Testosterone reduced the increase in CXCL1 production caused by the pro-inflammatory agent lysophosphatidylcholine and restored the basal production level of CXCL1. The androgen receptor...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Malgorzata Turniak-Kusy Maciej Studzian Piotr Szpakowski Piotr Kuchta Kaja Smietanka Claudia Mattern Lukasz Pulaski Bartosz Bielecki Source Type: research

Anti-Tumor Potential of Post-Translational Modifications of PD-1
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 6;46(3):2119-2132. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030136.ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a vital immune checkpoint molecule. The location, stability, and protein-protein interaction of PD-1 are significantly influenced by post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. The biological information of PD-1, including its gene and protein structures and the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, was briefly reviewed in this review. Additionally, recent research on PD-1 post-translational modification, including the study of ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation, was s...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaoming Xi Wuli Zhao Source Type: research

Study on Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Psidium guajava Leaf Extracts
In this study, the use of concentrated P. guajava leaf extract molecules as a functional natural material was evaluated by confirming the extract's antioxidative, antibacterial, tyrosinase activity inhibition, and collagenase activity inhibition effects and its trans-2-nonenal removal ability. As a result of the analysis of the antioxidant and antibacterial components of concentrated P. guajava leaf extract molecules through GC-MS, a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon molecules were detected. When different concentrations of ethanol were used for extraction, the leaf extract concentrated with 70% ethanol showed the most ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hyonam Park Bohee Kim Yuri Kang Woonjung Kim Source Type: research

Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Transcriptional Sirtuin 1 Signaling Regulation in Male Mice White Adipose Tissue
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 7;46(3):2144-2154. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030138.ABSTRACTChronic sleep restriction (CSR) is a prevalent issue in modern society that is associated with several pathological states, ranging from neuropsychiatric to metabolic diseases. Despite its known impact on metabolism, the specific effects of CSR on the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis at the level of white adipose tissue (WAT) remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of CSR on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling ...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marco Rendine Paolo Cocci Luisa de Vivo Michele Bellesi Francesco Alessandro Palermo Source Type: research

Increased Apolipoprotein A1 Expression Correlates with Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and T Lymphocytes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
In this study, we examined the relationship between UTUC-derived factors and tumor-associated neutrophils or T lymphocytes. The culture supernatant from UTUC tumor tissue modulated neutrophils to inhibit T cell proliferation. Among the dominant factors secreted by UTUC tumor tissue, apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) exhibited a positive correlation with NLR. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils were inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating T cells. Elevated Apo-A1 levels in UTUC were also inversely associated with the population of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our findings indicate that elevated Apo-A1 expression in UTUC c...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chih-Chia Chang Chia-Bin Chang Chiung-Ju Chen Chun-Liang Tung Chi-Feng Hung Wei-Hong Lai Cheng-Huang Shen Chang-Yu Tsai Ya-Yan Lai Ming-Yang Lee Shu-Fen Wu Pi-Che Chen Source Type: research

Inflammation Factors and Genistein Supplementation in Cancer-Preliminary Research
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 7;46(3):2166-2180. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030140.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of genistein in nano, micro, and macro forms on the intensity of the DMBA-induced tumor process in rats and to understand the mechanisms of this action. The effect of genistein supplementation on the content of selected eicosanoids (HETEs, HODE, and HEPE) in the serum of rats was evaluated. The levels and expression of genes encoding various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) and MMP-9 in the blood of rats were also investigated. The biological material for the study was blood obtain...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Karolina Bany ś Ma łgorzata Jelińska Ma łgorzata Wrzosek Dorota Skrajnowska Robert Wrzesie ń Wojciech Bielecki Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Source Type: research

To Repair a Broken Heart: Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 8;46(3):2181-2208. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030141.ABSTRACTDespite improvements in contemporary medical and surgical therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality; more specifically, ischemic heart disease (IHD) may affect individuals as young as 20 years old. Typically managed with guideline-directed medical therapy, interventional or surgical methods, the incurred cardiomyocyte loss is not always completely reversible; however, recent research into various stem cell (SC) populations has highlighted their potential for the treatment and pe...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Theodora M Stougiannou Konstantinos C Christodoulou Ioannis Dimarakis Dimitrios Mikroulis Dimos Karangelis Source Type: research

Autophagy-Dependent Secretion: Crosstalk between Autophagy and Exosome Biogenesis
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 8;46(3):2209-2235. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030142.ABSTRACTThe cellular secretome is pivotal in mediating intercellular communication and coordinating responses to stressors. Exosomes, initially recognized for their role in waste disposal, have now emerged as key intercellular messengers with significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Similarly, autophagy has transcended its traditional role as a waste removal mechanism, emerging as a regulator of intracellular communication pathways and a contributor to a unique autophagy-dependent secretome. Secretory authophagy, initiated by various stres...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ekaterina Zubkova Alexander Kalinin Anastasya Bolotskaya Irina Beloglazova Mikhail Menshikov Source Type: research

The Beneficial Role of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 in the Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis
In this study, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) was orally administered for a duration of 4 weeks, followed by the induction of AD using ovalbumin (OVA) in a mouse model. The skin condition of the stimulated site was observed during the induction period. Subsequently, the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) content, splenocyte T cell typing, and skin histological interpretation were examined to evaluate the efficacy of NTU 101 in alleviating AD symptoms in allergen-exposed animals. The findings indicated that administering NTU 101 beforehand effectively alleviated skin symptoms in animals with AD. It red...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chin-Feng Liu Tsung-Wei Shih Chun-Lin Lee Tzu-Ming Pan Source Type: research

A Bee Trp-Arg Dense Peptide with Antiproliferation Efficacy against the Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU145
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 10;46(3):2251-2262. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030144.ABSTRACTProstate cancer accounts for 14% of male cancer-related fatalities in the UK. Given the challenges associated with hormone-based therapies in the context of androgen-independent prostate cancer, there is an imperative need for research into anticancer drugs. N0821, a peptide belonging to the Trp-Arg dense region and derived from the homologous region of various bee species, shows substantial potential for an anticancer effect. Both MTT assays and 3D spheroid assays were conducted to substantiate its antiproliferation potential and strongly...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ye-Eun Kim Ki-Young Kim Source Type: research

Genetic Signatures for Distinguishing Chemo-Sensitive from Chemo-Resistant Responders in Prostate Cancer Patients
This study delves into the expression of drug resistance-associated genes, ABCB1 and CYP1B1, in cancer cells. Employing bioinformatics, we explored the molecular pathways and cascades linked to drug resistance following upregulation of these genes. Samples were obtained from archived prostate cancer patient specimens through pre-treatment biopsies of two categories: good vs. poor responders, with cDNAs synthesized from isolated RNAs subjected to qPCR analysis. The results revealed increased ABCB1 and CYP1B1 expression in tumor samples of the poor responders. Gene enrichment and network analysis associated ABCB1 with ABC tr...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lemohang Gumenku Mamello Sekhoacha Beynon Abrahams Samson Mashele Aubrey Shoko Ochuko L Erukainure Source Type: research

Genome-Wide Analysis of VILLIN Gene Family Associated with Stress Responses in Cotton ( Gossypium spp.)
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 11;46(3):2278-2300. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030146.ABSTRACTThe VILLIN (VLN) protein plays a crucial role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in numerous developmental processes, and is crucial for plant responses to both biotic and abiotic factors. Although various plants have been studied to understand the VLN gene family and its potential functions, there has been limited exploration of VLN genes in Gossypium and fiber crops. In the present study, we characterized 94 VLNs from Gossypium species and 101 VLNs from related higher plants such as Oryza sativa and Zea mays and some...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Akash Deep Dhananjay K Pandey Source Type: research

Unveiling the Ovarian Cell Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism of Prolificacy in Goats via Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics Data Analysis
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the cell-type-specific mechanisms and regulatory networks in the goat ovary, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying goat prolificacy. These findings establish a vital foundation for furthering understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing folliculogenesis and for improving the litter size in goats via molecular design breeding.PMID:38534763 | PMC:PMC10969506 | DOI:10.3390/cimb46030147 (Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology)
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sanbao Zhang Yirong Wei Xiaotong Gao Ying Song Yanna Huang Qinyang Jiang Source Type: research

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 11;46(3):2320-2342. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030148.ABSTRACTRare ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development, as well as ginsenoside-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Md Niaj Morshed Reshmi Akter Md Rezaul Karim Safia Iqbal Se Chan Kang Deok Chun Yang Source Type: research

Antioxidant Glutathione Analogues UPF1 and UPF17 Modulate the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 12;46(3):2343-2354. doi: 10.3390/cimb46030149.ABSTRACTIncreased oxidative stress (OS) and systemic inflammation are key players in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to clarify the effects of synthetic glutathione (GSH) analogue peptides UPF1 and UPF17 on the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD along with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. UPF1 and UPF17 increased the expression of enzymes...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe Ursel Soomets Alan Altraja Source Type: research