Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Thrombin in the Activation of the Fluid Contact Phase in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema Carrying the F12 P.Thr309Lys Variant
Abstract Hereditary angioedema due to pathogenic FXII variants (HAE-FXII) is a rare dominant disease caused by increased activation of the plasma contact system. The most prevalent HAE-FXII variant, c.1032C  >  A p.Thr309Lys (FXII309Lys), results in a smaller FXII protein with increased sensitivity to fluid-phase activation by poorly understood mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the functionality of the FXII309Lys variant in 33 HAE-FXII  patients, 25 healthy controls and 46 patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Activation of the plasma contact system was assessed by western blot and amidoly...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 16, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Long-term Outcome of Children Born to Women with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentre, Nationwide Study on 299 Randomly Selected Individuals
AbstractThe concern about the offspring ’s health is one of the reasons for a reduced family size of women with rheumatic diseases (RD). Increased risk of autoimmune diseases (AD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) has been reported in children born to patients with RD. Within a nationwide survey about reproductive issues of women wi th RD, we aimed at exploring the long-term outcome of their children. By surveying 398 patients who received their diagnosis of RD during childbearing age (before the age of 45), information about the offspring were obtained from 230 women who declared to have had children. A total of 148...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 16, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Molecular Dambusters: What Is Behind Hyperpermeability in Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema?
AbstractIn the last few decades, a substantial body of evidence underlined the pivotal role of bradykinin in certain types of angioedema. The formation and breakdown of bradykinin has been studied thoroughly; however, numerous questions remained open regarding the triggering, course, and termination of angioedema attacks. Recently, it became clear that vascular endothelial cells have an integrative role in the regulation of vessel permeability. Apart from bradykinin, a great number of factors of different origin, structure, and mechanism of action are capable of modifying the integrity of vascular endothelium, and thus, ma...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 16, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Next-Generation Sequencing in the Field of Primary Immunodeficiencies: Current Yield, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
AbstractPrimary immunodeficiencies comprise a group of inborn errors of immunity that display significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing techniques and predominantly whole exome sequencing have revolutionized the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of genetic diseases, thereby also leading to a sharp increase in the discovery of new genes associated with primary immunodeficiencies. In this review, we discuss the current diagnostic yield of this generic diagnostic approach by evaluating the studies that have employed next-generation sequencing techniques in cohorts of patients wi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Correction to: Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels Predict Biochemical and Histological Remission of Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1: A Single ‑Center Experience and Literature Review
Correction to: Clinical Reviews in Allergy& Immunology (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

How Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire Can Help Physicians in Treating C1-Inhibitor Deficiency Patients?
AbstractThe Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) is an angioedema (AE)-specific validated questionnaire, which surveys the quality of life of diagnosed patients. The questionnaire has been used in multiple clinical trials. Our aim was to investigate how the questionnaire can assist physicians in the everyday practice of following up and managing C1-inhibitor deficiency patients. In a prospective trial conducted in our center between 2016 and 2018, 125 hereditary angioedema and 10 diagnosed with acquired angioedema completed an AE-QoL during their annual follow-up visit. Laboratory indices (i.e., complement lev...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 3, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Association of Occupational Exposure to Free Crystalline Silica and Rheumatoid Arthritis
AbstractKey messages•Occupational exposure to free crystalline silica and tobacco smoking are associated with an increased risk rheumatoid arthritis, with the evidence of an interaction in seropositive subjects.•Further studies in the field are needed to support such associationWe carried out a systematic search for all published epidemiological studies concerning the association between occupational exposure to free crystalline silica (FCS) and subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies. We searched PubMed and Embase, search engines, for original articles pub...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 2, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Review of Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS)
AbstractPersistent post-COVID syndrome, also referred to aslong COVID, is a pathologic entity, which involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19, including persistent immunosuppression as well as pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular fibrosis. Pathologic fibrosis of organs and vasculature leads to increased mortality and severely worsened quality of life. Inhibiting transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β), an immuno- and a fibrosis modulator, may attenuate these post-COVID sequelae. Current preclinical and clinical efforts are centered on the mechanisms and manifestations of COVID-19 and i...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 20, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Pathways of Neutrophil Granulocyte Activation in Hereditary Angioedema with C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
AbstractHereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1-inhibitor deficiency belongs to bradykinin-mediated angioedemas. It is characterized by recurrent subcutaneous and/or submucosal swelling episodes (HAE attacks) and erythema marginatum skin rash as a pre-attack (prodromal) phase. HAE attacks were shown to be accompanied by peripheral blood neutrophilia. We aimed to find molecular mechanisms that may explain the distinct role of neutrophil granulocytes in HAE. Plasma levels of blood cells and factors related to neutrophil activation (cytokines, chemokines, chemotactic factors, enzymes, and neutrophil extracellular trap) were measu...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 19, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Reactions Caused by Chinese Materia Medica
AbstractTraditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used in China for thousands of years. Although TCM has been generally perceived to be safe, adverse reactions to Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been reported. Most of the adverse reactions are allergic in nature, but other mechanisms may play a role. This review focuses on the mechanism and clinical presentation of these allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can occur as a result of the active and inactive ingredients of CMM. Impurities and chemicals generated during the production process can also lead to allergic or adverse reactions. Environmental factors such as...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 19, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Correction to: Pathophysiology of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Beyond the SERPING1 Gene
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The image of Fig.  1 should be corrected. In the previous figure, we had shown that the plasma kallikrein cleaves both high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) to produce bradykinin. However, the plasma kallikrein activates only high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) while low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) is activated by tissue kallikrein. Hence we have removed low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) in the revised figure. We wish to acknowledge Dr. Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina, Charl...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 17, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Biomarkers in Hereditary Angioedema
AbstractA biomarker is a defined characteristic measured as an indicator of normal, biologic, pathogenic processes, or biological responses to an exposure or intervention. Diagnostic biomarkers are used to detect a disease or a subtype of a disease; monitoring biomarkers are measured serially to assess a medical condition; response biomarkers are used to check biologic response following a medical intervention; predictive biomarkers are used to identify patients who are more likely to respond to a medical intervention; and prognostic biomarkers are used to assess the future likelihood of a clinical event. Although biomarke...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 9, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

New Instrument for the Evaluation of Prodromes and Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE-EPA)
In conclusion, t he new Prodrome-Attack Evaluation questionnaire (HAE-EPA) is capable of distinguishing attacks and prodromes of HAE, as well as determining associations between the two interrelated phenomena. The new instrument achieves the required discriminative ability, acceptability, and content validity/reliab ility and therefore can be used as a reliable tool for the investigation of prodromes, attacks, and their relationships. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 4, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

B Cell Aberrance in Lupus: the Ringleader and the Solution
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease with high heterogeneity but the common characterization of numerous autoantibodies and systemic inflammation which lead to the damage of multiple organs. Aberrance of B cells plays a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of SLE via both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent manners. Escape of autoreactive B cells from the central and peripheral tolerance checkpoints, over-activation of B cells and their excessive cytokines release which  drive T cells and dendritic cells stimulation, and dysregulated surface molecules, as well as intrac...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 3, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Differences and Similarities in the Mechanisms and Clinical Expression of Bradykinin-Mediated vs. Mast Cell –Mediated Angioedema
AbstractAngioedema (AE), transient localized swelling due to extravasated fluid, is commonly classified as mast cell mediator-induced, bradykinin-mediated or of unknown cause. AE often occurs more than once, and it is these recurrent forms of AE that are challenging for patients and physicians, and they are the ones we focus on and refer to as AE in this review. Since effective treatment depends on the causative mediator, reliable and early diagnosis is essential. Although their clinical presentations bear similarities, many forms of angioedema exhibit specific patterns of clinical appearance or disease history that may ai...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 3, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research