Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.The Role of Autoantibody Testing in Modern Personalized Medicine
AbstractPersonalized medicine (PM) aims individualized approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Precision Medicine applies the paradigm of PM by defining groups of individuals with akin characteristics. Often the two terms have been used interchangeably. The quest for PM has been advancing for centuries as traditional nosology classification defines groups of clinical conditions with relatively similar prognoses and treatment options. However, any individual is characterized by a unique set of multiple characteristics and therefore the achievement of PM implies the determination of myriad demographic, epidemiologi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Does Adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS) Predict the Obstetric Outcome in Antiphospholipid Antibody Carriers? A Single-Center Study
AbstractThe adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) Score (aGAPSS) is a tool proposed to quantify the risk for antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-related clinical manifestations. However, aGAPSS has been validated mainly for thrombotic events and studies on APS-related obstetric manifestations are scarce. Furthermore, the majority of them included patients with positive aPL and different autoimmune diseases. Here, we assess the utility of aGAPSS to predict the response to treatment in aPL carriers without other autoimmune disorders. One-hundred and thirty-seven women with aPL ever pregnant were included. Sixty-five me...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Serum ANCA as Disease Biomarkers: Clinical Implications Beyond Vasculitis
AbstractUsually associated with autoimmune diseases, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are also detected in other conditions, such as infections, malignancies, and after intake of certain drugs. Even if the mechanisms of production and their pathogenic role have not been fully elucidated yet, ANCA are widely recognized as a clinically alarming finding due to their association with various disorders. While ANCA target several autoantigens, proteinase-3, and myeloperoxidase are the ones proved to be most frequently related to chronic inflammation and tissue damage in murine models. Albeit these autoantibodies could be p...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Autoantibody Markers of Increased Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Dermatomyositis
AbstractDermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and muscles. It most commonly occurs in adults with preponderance in females, but pediatric occurrence is also possible. The risk of malignancy in adult patients with dermatomyositis was reported to be 4.66-fold higher compared to that in the general population. A significantly increased risk of malignancy was reported within the first 12 months following the diagnosis of dermatomyositis (standardized incidence ratio equaled 17). One of the characteristic laboratory findings associated with dermatomyositis is the presence of circulating autoantibo...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Therapeutic Strategies for SLE by Targeting Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by diverse serological autoantibodies. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are involved in multiple organ damage, especially the kidney, skin, and central nervous system. Anti-dsDNA antibodies play a pivotal role in SLE, and researchers have developed therapeutic strategies targeting these antibodies. Approaches to reduce anti-dsDNA antibodies via B cell targeted biologics against B cell surface antigens, B cell survival factors, or Bruton ’s tyrosine kinase have effectively eliminated B cells. However, their non-specific depletion hampers normal ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurop...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Clinical Significance of Antinucleolar Antibodies: Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases, Malignancies, and others
AbstractNucleolar staining is one of the standard patterns in immunofluorescence antinuclear antibodies (ANA), seen in 5 –9% of ANA in various conditions. Antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) are classified into 3 patterns in the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) classification; AC-8 homogeneous pattern, AC-9 clumpy pattern, and AC-10 punctate pattern. Specificities known to show AC-8 include anti-Th/To, -PM -Scl, -nucleophosmin/B23, -nucleolin/C23, -No55, and others. AC-9 is seen by anti-fibrillarin/U3RNP and AC-10 by anti-RNA polymerase I and hUBF/NOR-90. ANoA has been classically known to be associated with sc...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Autoimmune Hepatitis: Serum Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice
AbstractCirculating autoantibodies are a key diagnostic tool in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), being positive in 95% of the cases if tested according to dedicated guidelines issued by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. They also allow the distinction between type 1 AIH, characterized by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody, and type 2 AIH, characterized by positive anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. Anti-soluble liver antigen is the only AIH-specific autoantibody, and is found in 20 –30% of both type 1 and type 2 AIH. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic anti...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hair Follicle Melanocytes Initiate Autoimmunity in Alopecia Areata: a Trigger Point
AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is characterized by common non-scarring alopecia due to autoimmune disorders. To date, the specific pathogenesis underlying AA remains unknown. Thus, AA treatment in the dermatological clinic is still a challenge. Numerous clinical observations and experimental studies have established that melanocytes may be the trigger point that causes hair follicles to be attacked by the immune system. A possible mechanism is that the impaired melanocytes, under oxidative stress, cannot be repaired in time and causes apoptosis. Melanocyte-associated autoantigens are released and presented, inducing CD8+ T c...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Systemic Sclerosis Association with Malignancy
AbstractThe association of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and cancer is well known from several decades suggesting common genetic and environmental risk factors involved in the development of both diseases. Immunosuppressive drugs widely used in SSc may increase the risk of cancer occurrence and different SSc clinical and serological features identify patients at major risk to develop malignancy. In this context, among serological features, presence of anti-RNA polymerase III and anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies seems to increase cancer frequency in SSc patients (particularly lung and breast cancers). Lung fibrosis and a long...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hair Follicle Melanocytes Initiate Autoimmunity in Alopecia Areata: a Trigger Point
AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is characterized by common non-scarring alopecia due to autoimmune disorders. To date, the specific pathogenesis underlying AA remains unknown. Thus, AA treatment in the dermatological clinic is still a challenge. Numerous clinical observations and experimental studies have established that melanocytes may be the trigger point that causes hair follicles to be attacked by the immune system. A possible mechanism is that the impaired melanocytes, under oxidative stress, cannot be repaired in time and causes apoptosis. Melanocyte-associated autoantigens are released and presented, inducing CD8+ T c...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Systemic Sclerosis Association with Malignancy
AbstractThe association of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and cancer is well known from several decades suggesting common genetic and environmental risk factors involved in the development of both diseases. Immunosuppressive drugs widely used in SSc may increase the risk of cancer occurrence and different SSc clinical and serological features identify patients at major risk to develop malignancy. In this context, among serological features, presence of anti-RNA polymerase III and anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies seems to increase cancer frequency in SSc patients (particularly lung and breast cancers). Lung fibrosis and a long...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Genetics of Eczema Herpeticum
AbstractEczema herpeticum (EH) is a viral skin infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) superimposed on eczematous skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD). Though the pathogenesis of EH has yet to be fully elucidated, the fact that EH is relatively rare despite a majority of adults showing serologic evidence of HSV exposure points to a genetic component predisposing to the disease. A number of genetic variants have been isolated in EH which may help distinguish a subgroup of patients susceptible to developing the condition. These unique genetic characteristics include deficiencies in skin barrier function and hydratio...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Literature Review
AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurring wheals that last 6 weeks or longer without an identifiable cause. The estimated point prevalence of CSU worldwide is 1%. Furthermore, it has a significant impact on quality of life in both adults and pediatric patients and their families. Although it is most often a self-limited disease, some patients have urticaria refractory to first-line treatment: second-generation H1 antihistamines. In these patients, the use of targeted monoclonal antibodies is necessary. While omalizumab is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody f...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
