Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Evolving Landscape of Fecal Microbial Transplantation
AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Modulation of the gut microbiome has become a therapeutic target in treating these disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor restores the normal gut microbiota homeostasis in the diseased host. Ample ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Infections or Vaccines Associated with Finkelstein-Seidlmayer Vasculitis: Systematic Review
In conclusion, most cases of Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis are preceded by an infection. In a minority of cases, this skin vasculitis develops before resolution of the infe ction. In most cases, however, this vasculitis develops after resolution of the infection. More rarely, this vasculitis is preceded by a vaccination. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Thoracic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Pathogenesis and Management
AbstractThoracic involvement is one of the main determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), with different prevalence and manifestations according to the underlying disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary complication, particularly in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Other thoracic manifestations include pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), mostly in patients with SSc, airway disease, mainly in RA, and pleural involvement, which is common in systemic lupus erythe...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Serum Biomarkers for Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1: the Case for CD48 and a Review of the Literature
In conclusion , sCD48 and sCD48-based predictive scores predict histological inflammation and fibrosis in AIH-1. Detecting sCD48 might help in the clinical management of AIH. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
AbstractEpigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in the study of the epigenome have led to novel insights into the pathogenesi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Autoantibodies and Cancer Association: the Case of Systemic Sclerosis and Dermatomyositis
AbstractSeveral rheumatic diseases have a perplexing association with cancer. Unraveling this mysterious connection is likely to provide deeper understanding regarding mechanisms governing the onset of both autoimmunity and cancer immunity, in addition to providing clinicians much needed guidance around whom and when to screen for occult malignancy. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and dermatomyositis are two diseases in which the association with internal malignancy is well-described and can be considered as models from which to gain important insights that likely have broader applicability. The past 15 years have witness...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Contemporary Update on the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease with female susceptibility. It is characterized by over-activation of the immune system and deposit of autoimmune complex in multiple organs. High heterogeneity, unpredictable disease course of SLE  as well as the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers posed diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Despite the complicated clinical presentation and pathogenesis of SLE, research regarding this disease has made many significant breakthroughs over the past decades. Some new learning can potential ly be translated into clinical practice. In addition...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

New Mechanistic Advances in Fc εRI-Mast Cell–Mediated Allergic Signaling
AbstractMast cells originate from the CD34+/CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor Fc εRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The intracellular signal transduction is intricately regulated by various kinases, transcription fact...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics
AbstractNon-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Correlates of Protection Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infancy
AbstractThe highest morbidity and mortality from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occurs in young infants. Immunization of expectant mothers during pregnancy has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of RSV disease in a majority of infants. Correlates of protection (COP) are important in guiding the development of maternal RSV vaccines and the design of maternal RSV vaccine trials, as immune response to candidate vaccines should mirror protective RSV immunity at birth. Here, we review the literature reporting correlations between RSV immune measures at birth and clinical RSV outcomes during infancy. L...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials
AbstractGerminal center (GC) reaction greatly contributes to the humoral immune response, which begins in lymph nodes or other secondary lymphoid organs after follicular B cells are activated by T-dependent antigens. The GCs then serve as a platform for follicular B cells to complete clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation and then interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Through the interaction between the immune cells, significant processes of the humoral immune response are accomplished, such as antibody affinity maturation, class switching, and production of memory B cells ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
AbstractEpigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in the study of the epigenome have led to novel insights into the pathogenesi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - November 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

New Mechanistic Advances in Fc εRI-Mast Cell–Mediated Allergic Signaling
AbstractMast cells originate from the CD34+/CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor Fc εRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The intracellular signal transduction is intricately regulated by various kinases, transcription fact...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Anti-Ro52 Autoantibody Is Common in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Correlating with Worse Outcome when Associated with interstitial lung disease in Systemic Sclerosis and Autoimmune Myositis
AbstractThis review highlights the 30 plus years research progress since the discovery of autoantibody to Ro52/TRIM21 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sj ögren’s syndrome (SjS). After the initial expression cloning of the Ro52 cDNA, it has taken many years to the current understanding in the interesting biological function of Ro52 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and its role in innate immune clearance of intracellular IgG-bound complex. Early observatio ns show that anti-Ro52, mostly associated with anti-SS-A/Ro60 and/or anti-SS-B/La, is commonly found in SLE (40–70%), SjS (70–90%), neonatal lupus e...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Historical Background and Novel Findings
AbstractAutoantibodies represent a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) being the most acknowledged ones. RA patients who are positive for RF and/or ACPA ( “seropositive”) in general display a different etiology and disease course compared to so-called “seronegative” patients. Still, the seronegative patient population is very heterogeneous and not well characterized. Due to the identification of new autoantibodies and advancements in the diagn osis of rheumatic diseases in the last years, the group of seronegative patients is co...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research