Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Role of Autoantibody Testing in Modern Personalized Medicine
AbstractPersonalized medicine (PM) aims individualized approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Precision Medicine applies the paradigm of PM by defining groups of individuals with akin characteristics. Often the two terms have been used interchangeably. The quest for PM has been advancing for centuries as traditional nosology classification defines groups of clinical conditions with relatively similar prognoses and treatment options. However, any individual is characterized by a unique set of multiple characteristics and therefore the achievement of PM implies the determination of myriad demographic, epidemiologi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Autoantibody Markers of Increased Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Dermatomyositis
AbstractDermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and muscles. It most commonly occurs in adults with preponderance in females, but pediatric occurrence is also possible. The risk of malignancy in adult patients with dermatomyositis was reported to be 4.66-fold higher compared to that in the general population. A significantly increased risk of malignancy was reported within the first 12 months following the diagnosis of dermatomyositis (standardized incidence ratio equaled 17). One of the characteristic laboratory findings associated with dermatomyositis is the presence of circulating autoantibo...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Spectrum of Genetic T-Cell Disorders from 22q11.2DS to CHARGE
AbstractImproved genetic testing has led to recognition of a diverse group of disorders of inborn errors of immunity that present as primarily T-cell defects. These disorders present with variable degrees of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, multiple organ system dysfunction, and neurocognitive defects. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, commonly known as DiGeorge syndrome, represents the most common disorder on this spectrum. In most individuals, a 3  Mb deletion of 22q11 results in haploinsufficiency of 90 known genes and clinical complications of varying severity. These include cardiac, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal, palata...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Role of Patch Testing in Evaluating Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions to Medications
AbstractConfirming drug imputability is an important step in the management of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR). Re-challenge is inconvenient and in many cases life threatening. We review the literature on ideal patch testing technique for specific CADRs. Testing should be performed approximately 3  months after the resolution of the eruption using standard patch testing techniques. Commercially available patch test preparations are available for a minority of drugs, so in most cases, testing should be performed with the drug at various recommended concentrations and in different vehicles. Te sting to all known exc...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 3, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

An Italian Multicenter Study on Anti-NXP2 Antibodies: Clinical and Serological Associations
AbstractThe identification of anti-NXP2 antibodies is considered a serological marker of dermatomyositis (DM), with calcinosis, severe myositis and, in some reports, with cancer. Historically, these associations with anti-NXP2 antibodies have been detected by immunoprecipitation (IP), but in the last few years commercial immunoblotting assays have been released. The aim of this collaborative project was to analyse the clinical features associated to anti-NXP2 antibodies, both with commercial line blot (LB) and IP. Myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies were detected in single centres by commercial line bl...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 29, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Road Less Traveled: Drug Hypersensitivity to Fluoroquinolones, Vancomycin, Tetracyclines, and Macrolides
AbstractWhile fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, macrolides, and tetracyclines are generally safe antibiotics, they can induce both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Historically, less has been published on allergies to these antibiotics compared to beta lactams, but the prevalence of non-beta lactam HSRs is increasing. To fluoroquinolones, immediate HSRs are more common than delayed reactions. Both IgE and non-IgE mechanisms, such as the mast cell receptor Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), have been implicated in fluoroquinolone-induced anaphylaxis. Skin testing for fluoroquinolones is...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 29, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Advanced Imaging Supports the Mechanistic Role of Autoimmunity and Plaque Rupture in COVID-19 Heart Involvement
AbstractThe cardiovascular system is frequently affected by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), particularly in hospitalized cases, and these manifestations are associated with a worse prognosis. Most commonly, heart involvement is represented by myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism, while arrhythmias, heart valve damage, and pericarditis are less frequent. While the clinical suspicion is necessary for a prompt disease recognition, imaging allows the early detection of cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19. The combination of cardiothoracic approaches has been proposed for advanced ima...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Heart Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis: the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe connective tissue disease characterized by diffuse vascular damage and aberrant activation of immune system, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis of skin and internal organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement is frequent in SSc, even though often unrecognized due to the occult nature at early stages and to the lack of a defined diagnostic algorithm. Once clinically evident, heart involvement is associated with a poor prognosis, representing the leading cause of death in about one third of SSc patients. Thus, its early recognition and monitoring are of crucial importance...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 24, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Contemporary Update on the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease with female susceptibility. It is characterized by over-activation of the immune system and deposit of autoimmune complex in multiple organs. High heterogeneity, unpredictable disease course of SLE  as well as the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers posed diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Despite the complicated clinical presentation and pathogenesis of SLE, research regarding this disease has made many significant breakthroughs over the past decades. Some new learning can potential ly be translated into clinical practice. In addition...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality
AbstractThe outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an evolving global health crisis. Currently, a number of risk factors have been identified to have a potential impact on increasing the morbidity of COVID-19 in adults, including old age, male sex, pre-existing comorbidities, and racial/ethnic disparities. In addition to these factors, changes in laboratory indices  and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as possible complications, could indicate the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage. Children ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Anti-Ro52 Autoantibody Is Common in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Correlating with Worse Outcome when Associated with interstitial lung disease in Systemic Sclerosis and Autoimmune Myositis
AbstractThis review highlights the 30 plus years research progress since the discovery of autoantibody to Ro52/TRIM21 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sj ögren’s syndrome (SjS). After the initial expression cloning of the Ro52 cDNA, it has taken many years to the current understanding in the interesting biological function of Ro52 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and its role in innate immune clearance of intracellular IgG-bound complex. Early observatio ns show that anti-Ro52, mostly associated with anti-SS-A/Ro60 and/or anti-SS-B/La, is commonly found in SLE (40–70%), SjS (70–90%), neonatal lupus e...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Identification of Parameters Representative of Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Severe and Fatal COVID-19 Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractAbnormal immunological indicators associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 have been reported in several observational studies. However, there are marked heterogeneities in patient characteristics and research methodologies in these studies. We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the association between immune-related indicators and COVID-19 prognosis. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Willey, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and CNKI for studies reporting immunological and/or immune-related parameters, including hematological, inflammatory, coagulation...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Reproductive Issues and Pregnancy Implications in Systemic Sclerosis
AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease that can influence reproductive health. SSc has a strong female predominance, and the disease onset can occur during fertility age in almost 50% of patients. Preconception counseling, adjustment of treatment, and close surveillance during pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team, are key points to minimize fetal and maternal risks and favor successful pregnancy outcomes. The rates of spontaneous pregnancy losses are comparable to those of the general obstetric population, except for patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and severe internal organ involvement ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Conundrum of Psoriatic Arthritis: a Pathogenetic and Clinical Pattern at the Midpoint of Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity
AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by psoriasis, synovitis, enthesitis, spondylitis, and the possible association with other extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. It is a multifaceted and systemic disorder sustained by complex pathogenesis, combining aspects of autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Features of PsA autoinflammation include the role of biomechanical stress in the onset and/or exacerbation of the disease; the evidence of involvement of the innate immune response mediators in the skin, peripheral blood and synovial tissue; an equal gender distribution; ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Frailty: Role of Myeloid Cells in Age-Related Diseases
AbstractThe immune system is the central regulator of tissue homeostasis, ensuring tissue regeneration and protection against both pathogens and the neoformation of cancer cells. Its proper functioning requires homeostatic properties, which are maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid responses. Aging progressively undermines this ability and compromises the correct activation of immune responses, as well as the resolution of the inflammatory response. A subclinical syndrome of “homeostatic frailty” appears as a distinctive trait of the elderly, which predisposes to immune debilitation and chronic low-...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - January 15, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research