Advancing Treatment in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Therapeutic Targets and Approaches
AbstractBullous pemphigoid is one of the most common autoimmune bullous diseases occurring primarily in the elderly. Pathogenic autoantibodies against BP180 and BP230 at the dermal –epidermal junction cause subepidermal blisters, erosions, and intense pruritus, all of which adversely affect the patients’ quality of life and may increase their morbidity and mortality. Current systemic treatment options for bullous pemphigoid are limited to corticosteroids and immunosuppress ants, which can have substantial side effects on these vulnerable patients that even exceed their therapeutic benefits. Therefore, more precisely, t...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review
In this study, we performed a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available diagnostic methods, management of VKC, and its treatments. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - September 2, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Treatable Traits in Systemic Sclerosis
AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease within the spectrum of connective tissue diseases, specifically characterized by vascular abnormalities and inflammatory and fibrotic involvement of the skin and internal organs resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The clinical phenotype of SSc is heterogeneous, and serum autoantibodies together with the extent of skin involvement have a predictive value in the risk stratification. Current recommendations include an organ-based management according to the predominant involvement with only limited individual factors included in the treatment algorithm. Sim...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - August 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Taxanes: A Comprehensive and Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Desensitization
AbstractTaxanes in the treatment of cancer are associated with a significant incidence of hypersensitivity reactions, which may preclude their use in patients in need of first line therapy. Drug desensitization induces transient immunological tolerance and has allowed the reintroduction of taxanes in highly allergic patients. Increase the knowledge of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) during the administration of taxanes. A systematic review regarding the safety and efficacy of rapid drug desensitization (RDD) for taxanes HSR. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - August 17, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Shared Pathogenicity Features and Sequences between EBV, SARS-CoV-2, and HLA Class I Molecule-binding Motifs with a Potential Role in Autoimmunity
AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are extraordinary in their ability to activate autoimmunity as well as to induce diverse autoimmune diseases. Here we reviewed the current knowledge on their relation. Further, we suggested that molecular mimicry could be a possible common mechanism of autoimmunity induction in the susceptible individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, and EBV and human proteins, are present. Besides, relation of the pathogenicity associated with both coronavirus diseases and EBV supports the...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Environmental Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Biomarkers for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Umbrella Review of the Evidence
This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384320). (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 25, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases
AbstractGamma –delta (γδ) T cells play an essential role in allergic diseases and have emerged as a potential treatment target in recent decades. To clarify the effects of γδ T cells on atopic illnesses, we reviewed the literature on the physical roles and functions of various subsets of γδ T cells, inclu ding type 1 T helper (Th1)-like, type 2 T helper- (Th2)-like, and type 17 T helper (Th17)-like γδ T cells. Mouse Vγ1 T cells increase interleukin (IL)-4 levels and trigger B cell class switching and immunoglobulin E production. Meanwhile, mouse Vγ4 T cells and human CD8lowV δ1 T cells secrete interferon-γ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 3, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

During Sepsis and COVID-19, the Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses Are Concomitant
AbstractThe most severe forms of COVID-19 share many features with bacterial sepsis and have thus been considered to be a viral sepsis. Innate immunity and inflammation are closely linked. While the immune response aims to get rid of the infectious agent, the pro-inflammatory host response can result in organ injury including acute respiratory distress syndrome. On its side, a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, aimed to dampen the inflammatory reaction, can lead to immunosuppression. Whether these two key events of the host inflammatory response are consecutive or concomitant has been regularly depicted in schemes. I...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 3, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

COVID-19, Coronavirus Vaccines, and Possible Association with Lipsch ütz Vulvar Ulcer: A Systematic Review
In conclusion, COVID-19 and immunization against SARS-CoV-2 add to Epstein-Barr virus as plausible triggers of Lipschütz genital ulcer. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - June 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Perspectives on Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Management of Autoimmunity
AbstractBefore becoming a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous immune-mediated diseases, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was first introduced as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant immunology and later received the attention of rheumatologists and clinicians involved in the management of autoimmune diseases. MMF is now a widespread immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of several conditions, including lupus nephritis, interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis while being efficacious also as rescue therapy in various orphan disea...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - June 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Food Allergy Labeling Laws: International Guidelines for Residents and Travelers
AbstractThe prevalence of food allergies varies by country, as does each country ’s food allergen labeling. While labeling laws may vary by country, most follow the Codex Alimentarius. Even developing countries have some degree of labeling guidelines for food allergies, but it is highly developed countries that tend to implement stricter labeling regulations to protect their c itizens and tourists. Different organizations, both domestic and international, such as Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE), work to advance food allergen labeling laws around the globe. Eating out and traveling can be anxiety-provoking for ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - May 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Single-Cell Analysis of Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis After Anti-TNF α Treatment: Experimental Data and Review of the Literature
AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis (Ax-SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the axial joints and is most common in young men. However, the precise immune cell subset involved in Ax-SpA remains unclear. Our study characterized the periphery immune landscape of Ax-SpA patients before and after anti-TNF α treatment using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics sequencing and elucidated the effects of anti-TNFα treatment at the single-cell level. First, we found that peripheral granulocytes and monocytes significantly increased in Ax-SpA patients. Second, we identified a more functional subtype o...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - March 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Impact of Air Pollution on Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Review
AbstractAir pollution is associated with multiple health problems worldwide, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic disease, and increasing evidence has revealed a role of air pollution in the development of atopic dermatitis. Air pollutants are derived from several sources, including harmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as particulate matter (PM) of various sizes, and bioaerosols. Possible mechanisms linking air pollution to atopic dermatitis include damage to the skin barrier through oxidative stress, ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Evolving Landscape of Fecal Microbial Transplantation
AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Modulation of the gut microbiome has become a therapeutic target in treating these disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor restores the normal gut microbiota homeostasis in the diseased host. Ample ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Infections or Vaccines Associated with Finkelstein-Seidlmayer Vasculitis: Systematic Review
In conclusion, most cases of Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis are preceded by an infection. In a minority of cases, this skin vasculitis develops before resolution of the infe ction. In most cases, however, this vasculitis develops after resolution of the infection. More rarely, this vasculitis is preceded by a vaccination. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research