BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

---
Neuromodulation techniques have rapidly transitioned from “experimental” to “accepted” to ultimately becoming an essential and commonly used modality in several fields; examples include deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy for depression, and spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain. Epilepsy would seem to be a prime candidate to join the neuromodulation revolution as a disease with a great deal of morbidity and mortality, and for which medications are often ineffective or cause adverse effects. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATIO...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Charles Palmer Tags: Book Review Source Type: research

BurstDR spinal cord stimulation rebalances pain input and pain suppression in the brain in chronic neuropathic pain
Chronic pain is processed by at least three well-known pathways, two pain provoking pathways including a medial ‘suffering’ and lateral ‘painfulness’ pathway. A third descending pain pathway modulates pain but is predominantly inhibitory. Chronic pain can be seen as an imbalance between the two pain-provoking and the pain inhibitory pathways. If this assumption is correct, then the imbalance between p ain input and pain suppression should reverse and normalize in response to successful, i.e., pain reducing burstDR spinal cord stimulation, one of the current treatment options for neuropathic pain. (Source: BRAIN STI...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sven Vanneste, Dirk De Ridder Source Type: research

What do eels teach about open access, medical education and professional ethics? The inception of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in ancient Rome
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) has been recently introduced as a minimally invasive treatment for chronic pain and/or spasticity-related conditions. The current indications for PNS span across a multitude of disorders such as axial back pain, occipital neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, persistent low back pain following lumbar spine surgery, and refractory angina [1]. Interestingly, the inception of PNS can be traced back to Scribonius Largus, a physician serving the Roman Emperor Claudius in the 1st century AD. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Christos Tsagkaris, Marios Papadakis, Constantinos Trompoukis, Lolita Matiashova, Georgios Matis Source Type: research

Mechanisms of theta burst transcranial ultrasound induced plasticity in the human motor cortex
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique with high depth penetrance and spatial resolution. Theta-burst TUS (tbTUS) is a plasticity-inducing protocol which increases motor cortical excitability for up to 30  min following 80s of sonication. While this protocol may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders, the mechanisms of action of TUS remain unclear. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yazan Shamli Oghli, Talyta Grippe, Tarun Arora, Tasnuva Hoque, Ghazaleh Darmani, Robert Chen Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation elevates the baseline activity while sharpening the spatial tuning of the human visual cortex
Early studies on animal brains [1,2] have suggested that surface-positive and negative currents elevate and suppress neuronal excitability, respectively, and these effects can last for several minutes to hours after the stimulation stops. However, the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human brains have been inconsistent. While some studies have shown polarity-specific modulation of excitability in the motor domain, but recent research [3] has found that significant effects are only observed with anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) and not with cathodal-tDCS (c-tDCS). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translati...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jeongyeol Ahn, Juhyoung Ryu, Sangjun Lee, Chany Lee, Chang-Hwan Im, Sang-Hun Lee Source Type: research

Effective resting-state connectivity in severe unipolar depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for severe depressive disorders. A recent multi-center study found no consistent changes in correlation-based (undirected) resting-state connectivity after ECT. Effective (directed) connectivity may provide more insight into the working mechanism of ECT. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Freek ten Doesschate, Willem Bruin, Peter Zeidman, Christopher C. Abbott, Miklos Argyelan, Annemieke Dols, Louise Emsell, Philip F.P. van Eijndhoven, Eric van Exel, Peter C.R. Mulders, Katherine Narr, Indira Tendolkar, Didi Rhebergen, Pascal Sienaert, Mat Source Type: research

Left or right ear? A neuroimaging study using combined taVNS/fMRI to understand the interaction between ear stimulation target and lesion location in chronic stroke
Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) have been primarily administered clinically to the unilateral-left vagus nerve. This left-only convention has proved clinically beneficial in brain disorders. However, in stroke survivors, the presence of a lesion in the brain may complicate VNS-mediated signaling, and it is important to understand the laterality effects of VNS in stroke survivors to optimize the intervention. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaolong Peng, Brenna Baker-Vogel, Mutaz Sarhan, Edward B. Short, Wenzhen Zhu, Hesheng Liu, Steven Kautz, Bashar W. Badran Source Type: research

GENET-GPD: A documentation tool to digitally collect longitudinal ECT treatment data and associated biosignals
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective nonpharmacological treatment for severe depression and other serious mental disorders [1]. It has broad syndromal efficacy in multiple domains, e.g. having antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabilizing effects [2]. Nevertheless, the emergence of side effects could still be reduced and factors influencing both efficacy and side effects still demand investigation [1] (see Fig. 1). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nils Freundlieb, Else Schneider, Annette Br ühl, Maximilian Kiebs Source Type: research

Some concerns about exclusion of participants
Dr. Tao and colleagues first demonstrated in their randomized, sham-controlled trial that a 20-min session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty (relative risk, 0.250; 95% CI, 0.074 to 0.842; P  = 0.013) [1]. There appeared to be no serious adverse events, and all participants completed the study with no dropouts. Given the impact of postoperative delirium on patient prognosis and care burden, this relatively simple and safe intervention is very attractive. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translat...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hirotsugu Kawashima, Rie Toyomoto, Toshi A. Furukawa Source Type: research

State-specific modulation of mood using intracranial electrical stimulation of the orbitofrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a promising target for intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) aimed at improving mood states. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the underlying neural mechanisms of iES effects, such as the effect of the OFC target in comparison with other emotional network targets, the impact of brain state at the time of stimulation, and the neural response induced by iES at both local and network scales. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dan Cao, Qihong Liu, Jiaqi Zhang, Jin Li, Tianzi Jiang Source Type: research

Deep TMS: A comprehensive summary of adverse events from five multicenter trials
Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, commonly known as Deep TMS, is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool which is now actively used throughout the world for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric diseases. Through electromagnetic induction Deep TMS coils lead to neural depolarization in a network of neural regions that are modulated by the specific conformation of the coil. Currently, there are three Deep TMS coils cleared for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- the H1, H4, and H7 coils. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aron Tendler, Roman Gersner, Yiftach Roth, Ahava Stein, Tal Harmelech, Colleen A. Hanlon Source Type: research

Response to Letter to the Editor, ‘Some concerns about exclusion of participants’
We thank Kawashima et al for the insightful comments and suggestions provided on our study entitled “Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial”. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mingshu Tao, Song Zhang, Yuan Han, Chunyan Li, Qi Wei, Dexian Chen, Qiu Zhao, Jie Yang, Rongguang Liu, Jiaxing Fang, Xiang Li, Hongxing Zhang, He Liu, Jun-Li Cao Source Type: research

Comparative efficacy of rTMS add-on treatment for bipolar depression versus unipolar depression
Patients with Bipolar disorder (BD) frequently experience more depressive than manic episodes, and treatment options are limited. While pharmacological therapies remain primary, their effectiveness is limited, and side effects can include manic switch [1]. Interestingly, recent studies and meta-analyses have suggested the potential antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for BD patients. Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown promise in addressing specific symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders, including BD and unipolar depression (MDD), by potentially rectifying pathologica...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Chien-Lin Wu, Chin Wei Yek, Tzu-Yun Wang, Tsung-Hua Lu, Wei Hung Chang, Po See Chen Source Type: research

Kinematic adaptive deep brain stimulation for gait impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Gait impairment and freezing of gait (GI&FOG) are debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which increase the risk of falls, injury, and morbidity, and may be refractory to medication [1]. Open loop deep brain stimulation (olDBS) improves GI&FOG [2,3], but the observed improvement may lose efficacy over time. The waning of efficacy over time and the disabling side effects of combining olDBS with medication have highlighted the potential of demand-based or adaptive DBS (aDBS), where DBS intensity is modulated in response to a biomarker that is related to the pathological motor behavior targeted. (Source: BRAIN STI...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jillian A. Melbourne, Yasmine M. Kehnemouyi, Johanna J. O'Day, Kevin B. Wilkins, Aryaman S. Gala, Matthew N. Petrucci, Emilia F. Lambert, Hannah Dorris, Cameron Diep, Jeffrey A. Herron, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart Source Type: research

Erratum to ‘5th International Brain Stimulation Meeting’ Abstracts
(Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research