BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) enhances CPM in healthy subjects: A randomized controlled trial
Evidence suggests that transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) modulates the endogenous pain system and may be an alternative treatment for chronic pain conditions. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Anna Carolyna Gianlorenco, Lucas Camargo, Maria Fernanda Andrade, Hyuk Choi, Jae-Jun Song, Felipe Fregni Source Type: research

Pre-stimulation neuronal activity predict visual awareness of phosphene elicited by intracranial electrical stimulation
Visual perception is more than just a passive process of receiving environmental stimuli. It arises from the complex interaction with sensory input and the brain's pre-existing state [1 –4]. The pre-stimulation state, particularly the cortical excitability, plays a crucial role in how we consciously perceive stimuli with near-threshold intensity [5]. One of the most direct methodologies to assess cortical excitability is to measure neurons' spontaneous firing rates prior to stimu lus presentation [4]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Qian Wang, Guanpeng Chen, Xiongfei Wang, Ruolin Yang, Lu Luo, Haoran Ding, Pengfei Teng, Jing Wang, Leijie He, Jie Ren, Meng Zhao, Guoming Luan, Fang Fang Source Type: research

Transcranial focused ultrasound of the amygdala modulates fear network activation and connectivity
Current noninvasive brain stimulation methods are incapable of directly modulating subcortical brain regions critically involved in psychiatric disorders. Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) is a newer form of noninvasive stimulation that could modulate the amygdala, a subcortical region implicated in fear. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Tina Chou, Thilo Deckersbach, Bastien Guerin, Karianne Sretavan Wong, Benjamin M. Borron, Anish Kanabar, Ashley N. Hayden, Marina P. Long, Mohammad Daneshzand, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Darin D. Dougherty Source Type: research

Pilot study of stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT) for bipolar depression
Bipolar disorder is a highly disabling illness [1]. While mania and hypomania define bipolar I and II, respectively, depression accounts for the majority of disease burden in bipolar disorder. Further, 15 –20% of patients with bipolar disorder die due to suicide [2], and depressive episodes are a consistent risk factor for a suicide attempt [2]. Unfortunately, there are relatively few evidence-based treatment options available for bipolar depression (BD). Although repetitive transcranial magnetic s timulation (rTMS) has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy in unipolar depression, there is limited evidence of [3–5], and...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kristin S. Raj, Andrew D. Geoly, Clive Veerapal, Mia Gholmieh, Pouya Toosi, Flint M. Espil, Jean-Marie Batail, Ian H. Kratter, Nolan R. Williams Source Type: research

Accelerated 1 Hz dorsomedial prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents and young adults: A case series
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common conditions affecting adolescents and young adults, with prevalence increasing markedly over the past decade [1,2]. Although psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are often effective,>30% of patients do not respond to such interventions [3,4]. Moreover, patients and caregivers are often reluctant to pursue pharmacotherapy due to concerns over tolerability [4,5] or the potential for worsening suicidality [4]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Paul E. Croarkin, Aleksandra Dojnov, Victoria J. Middleton, Jennifer Bowman, Joseph Kriske, Nancy Donachie, Shan H. Siddiqi, Jonathan Downar Source Type: research

Effects of different sonication parameters of theta burst transcranial ultrasound stimulation on human motor cortex
Theta burst TUS (tbTUS) can induce increased cortical excitability in human, but how different sonication parameters influence the effects are still unknown. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Ke Zeng, Zhiwei Li, Xue Xia, Zhen Wang, Ghazaleh Darmani, Xiaoli Li, Robert Chen Source Type: research

tDCS reduces depression and state anxiety symptoms in older adults from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT)
Pharmacological interventions for depression and anxiety in older adults often have significant side effects, presenting the need for more tolerable alternatives. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for depression in clinical populations. However, its effects on depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly in older adults from the general public, are understudied. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 2, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Hanna K. Hausman, Gene E. Alexander, Ronald Cohen, Michael Marsiske, Steven T. DeKosky, Georg A. Hishaw, Andrew O'Shea, Jessica N. Kraft, Yunfeng Dai, Samuel Wu, Adam J. Woods Source Type: research

Transcranial current direct stimulation for improving working memory in patients with recent onset schizophrenia: An ARAS study
The deficit in Working memory (WM) is a core feature of schizophrenia and plays a role in several tasks ranging from simple daily life activities and social functioning up to the outcome of functional recovery in patients with schizophrenia [1]. Available pharmacological treatments have limited effect and cognitive remediation approaches result in valuable, yet modest improvements [2]. Therefore, interests emerged to find other approaches, such as direct modulations to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the region that plays a central role in several cognitive capabilities. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Trans...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sara Farhang, Ali Reza Shafiee-kandjani, Arash Mohagheghi, Maryam Moghaddam, Fatemeh Ranjbar, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Wim Veling, Richard Bruggeman Source Type: research

Temporally interfering electric fields brain stimulation in primary motor cortex of mice promotes motor skill through enhancing neuroplasticity
Temporal interference (TI) electric field brain stimulation is a novel neuromodulation technique that enables the non-invasive modulation of deep brain regions, but few advances about TI stimulation effectiveness and mechanisms have been reported. Conventional transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can enhance motor skills, whether TI stimulation has an effect on motor skills in mice has not been elucidated. In the present study, TI stimulation was proved to stimulating noninvasively primary motor cortex (M1) of mice, and that TI stimulation with an envelope wave frequency of 20  Hz (Δ f = 20 Hz) once...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Shuo Qi, Xiaodong Liu, Jinglun Yu, Zhiqiang Liang, Yu Liu, Xiaohui Wang Source Type: research

EEG-based biomarkers predict individual differences in TMS-induced entrainment of intrinsic brain rhythms
Entrainment (increase) and modulation (shift) of intrinsic brain oscillations via rhythmic-TMS (rh-TMS) enables to either increase the amplitude of the individual peak oscillatory frequency, or experimentally slowing/accelerating this intrinsic peak oscillatory frequency by slightly shifting it. Both entrainment, and modulation of brain oscillations can lead to different measurable perceptual and cognitive changes. However, there are noticeable between-participant differences in such experimental entrainment outcomes. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Jelena Trajkovic, Alexander T. Sack, Vincenzo Romei Source Type: research

Tonic and phasic transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation both evoke rapid and transient pupil dilation
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS or taVNS) is a non-invasive method of electrical stimulation of the afferent pathway of the vagus nerve, suggested to drive changes in putative physiological markers of noradrenergic activity, including pupil dilation. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Lina Skora, Anna Marzecov á, Gerhard Jocham Source Type: research

Targeted and optimized multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation for focal epilepsy: An N-of-1 trial
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to noninvasively reduce epileptic activity in focal epilepsy. In this proof-of-principle N-of-1 trial in a patient with refractory focal epilepsy in left frontal lobe, we propose distributed constrained maximum intensity (D-CMI) for individually targeted and optimized multi-channel (mc-) tDCS [1] to reduce epileptic activity. Combined electro- and magnetoencephalography (EMEG) source analysis in a realistic calibrated head model [2] with modeled skull-burr holes defines location and orientation of the target epileptogenic source. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Marios Antonakakis, Fabian Kaiser, Stefan Rampp, Stjepana Kovac, Heinz Wiendl, Walter Stummer, Joachim Gross, Christoph Kellinghaus, Maryam Khaleghi-Ghadiri, Gabriel M öddel, Carsten H. Wolters Source Type: research

Driving Hebbian plasticity over ventral premotor-motor projections transiently enhances motor resonance
Making sense of others' actions relies on the activation of an action observation network (AON), which maps visual information about observed actions onto the observer's motor system. This motor resonance process manifests in the primary motor cortex (M1) as increased corticospinal excitability finely tuned to the muscles engaged in the observed action. Motor resonance in M1 is facilitated by projections from higher-order AON regions. However, whether manipulating the strength of AON-to-M1 connectivity affects motor resonance remains unclear. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Emilio Chiappini, Sonia Turrini, Marco Zanon, Mattia Marangon, Sara Borgomaneri, Alessio Avenanti Source Type: research

Transcranial photobiomodulation increases intrinsic brain activity within irradiated areas in early Alzheimer's disease: Potential link with cerebral metabolism
Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function, and therefore compromised metabolism, is prevalent among individuals with Alzheimer's disease [AD] [1]. An early role of mitochondrial hypometabolism preceding disease onset is observed. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) is a neuroimaging measure of regional, voxel-wise, spontaneous fluctuations of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, which reflects variations in intrinsic brain activity [2]. fALFF values, derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlated strongly (r  = 0.79) with regional positron emission tomography (PET) measuremen...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Naomi L. Gaggi, Katherine A. Collins, Javier Gonzalez-Castillo, Aura M. Hurtado, Francisco Xavier Castellanos, Ricardo Osorio, Paolo Cassano, Dan V. Iosifescu Source Type: research

Bilateral theta burst stimulation modulates dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity for emotion regulation in young adults: A randomized controlled trial
Perceived stress is a complex psychobiological process with a high prevalence of 34.5% in young adults [1]. Prolonged exposure to high-level perceived stress can lead to abnormal brain activations, particularly in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, ultimately resulting in impaired emotional regulation [2,3]. Regarding stress-related psychiatric disorders, a recent guideline has recommended the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to alleviate negative emotional symptoms [4]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Youze He, Baoru Zhao, Zhihan Liu, Zhaoying Li, Mengyu Han, Xiujuan Geng, Jingsong Wu Source Type: research