The role of the parietal lobe in task-irrelevant suppression during learning
Attention optimizes the selection of visual information, while suppressing irrelevant visual input through cortical mechanisms that are still unclear. We set to investigate these processes using an attention task with an embedded to-be-ignored interfering visual input. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Cont ò, S. Tyler, P. Paletta, L. Battelli Source Type: research

Topic of concern in TMS research: Cases of mismatch between indicated and actual current direction of TMS coils and proposal of preventive measures
It is well-known that administering transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimuli with different current directions can yield different neurophysiological outcomes, such as a higher motor threshold and a longer latency after inducing anterior –posterior (AP)- as compared to PA-directed currents in the primary motor cortex (M1), probably due to distinct neuronal pathways being involved [1,2]. As a result, being correctly informed about the current direction of a TMS coil is crucial in TMS research, amongst others to ensure a correct cho ice, interpretation, and reporting of the experimental parameters [3]. (Source: BRAI...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Melina Hehl, Koen Cuypers Source Type: research

Focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the spleen activates an anti-inflammatory response in humans
Focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) activates mechanosensitive ion channels and is emerging as a method of noninvasive neuromodulation. In preclinical studies, FUS of the spleen (sFUS) activates an anti-inflammatory neural pathway which suppresses acute and chronic inflammation. However, the relevance of sFUS for regulating inflammatory responses in humans is unknown. Here, we used a modified diagnostic ultrasound imaging system to target the spleen of healthy human subjects with 3 minutes of continuously swept or stationary focused pulsed ultrasound, delivered at three different energy levels within allowable safety expo...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Stavros Zanos, Despoina Ntiloudi, John Pellerito, Richard Ramdeo, John Graf, Kirk Wallace, Victoria Cotero, Jeff Ashe, Jessica Moon, Meghan Addorisio, David Shoudy, Tom R. Coleman, Michael Brines, Chris Puleo, Kevin J. Tracey, Sangeeta S. Chavan Source Type: research

Tomographic tract tracing and data driven approaches to unravel complex 3D fiber anatomy of DBS relevant prefrontal projections to the diencephalic-mesencephalic junction in the marmoset
Understanding prefrontal cortex projections to diencephalic-mesencephalic junction (DMJ), especially to subthalamic nucleus (STN) and ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) helps our comprehension of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in major depression (MD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Fiber routes are complex and tract tracing studies in non-human primate species (NHP) have yielded conflicting results. The superolateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) is a promising target for DBS in MD and OCD. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Volker A. Coenen, Akiya Watakabe, Henrik Skibbe, Tetsuo Yamamori, M áté D. Döbrössy, Bastian E.A. Sajonz, Peter C. Reinacher, Marco Reisert Source Type: research

The impact of gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cognitive and memory processes in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease: A literature review
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) —a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical oscillations through entrainment—has been demonstrated to alter oscillatory activity and enhance cognition in healthy adults. TACS is being explored as a tool to improve cognition and memory in patient populations with mild cogni tive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: N.R. Nissim, D.V.H. Pham, T. Poddar, E. Blutt, R.H. Hamilton Source Type: research