BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Stress priming transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances updating of emotional content in working memory
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the prefrontal cortex has emerged as a valuable tool in psychiatric research. Understanding the impact of affective states, such as stress at the time of stimulation, on the efficacy of prefrontal tDCS is crucial for advancing tDCS interventions. Stress-primed tDCS, wherein stress is used as a priming agent, has the potential to modulate neural plasticity and enhance cognitive functions, particularly in emotional working memory. However, prior research using stress-primed tDCS focused solely on non-emotional working memory performance, yielding mixed results. (Source...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 31, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Stefanie De Smet, Lais B. Razza, Matias M. Pulopulos, Rudi De Raedt, Chris Baeken, Andre R. Brunoni, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt Source Type: research

Commentary on the Article titled “Altered in vivo early neurogenesis traits in patients with depression: Evidence from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles and electroconvulsive therapy” by Xie et al.
One of the hottest themes in neurobiology now is small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), particularly their involvement in diagnostics [1]. One distinctive advantage of sEVs usage in this context is permeability of blood-brain barrier to the vesicles [2]. Neuronal sEVs entering the bloodstream can give some evidence of neurodegenerative disease, for example, Alzheimer's [3] well before clinical manifestations. Moreover, content of patients' neuron-derived sEVs may suggest mechanisms of psychiatric diseases [4]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Yakovlev Source Type: research

A method for precisely timed, on-demand intracranial stimulation using the RNS device
While deep brain stimulation has become a cornerstone treatment for movement disorders, randomized controlled trials for diseases with complex cognitive and behavioral deficits, including Alzheimer's Disease and depression, have not demonstrated efficacy [1,2]. In these trials, stimulation was provided in a continuous, open-loop fashion. However, brain activity for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and decision-making, has been extensively demonstrated to occur during short, precisely regulated epochs [3,4]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Edward R. Bader, Alexis D. Boro, Nathaniel J. Killian, Emad N. Eskandar Source Type: research

The different analgesic effects of alpha high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation over the primary sensorimotor cortex and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during sustained experimental pain
Pain is an unpleasant combination of sensations and emotions that is intricately controlled by neural oscillations and interconnections across different brain regions and waves [1]. Within pain-induced neural symphony, brain oscillations within the alpha frequency band (8 –13 HZ) exert regulatory control over the processing of incoming sensory information, utilizing inhibitory pathways to promote pain relief. Studies have consistently identified alpha oscillation as a promising target for potential analgesic interventions [2,3]. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Xingang Qi, Tianzhe Jia, Chuan Zhang, Wenjie Su, Zhiqiang Pan, Chenxi Wang, Hanfeng Yang, Jixin Liu Source Type: research

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in the infralimbic cortex facilitates extinction of conditioned fear in rats
Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) neuromodulation emerges as a promising non-invasive approach for improving neurological conditions. Extinction of conditioned fear has served as a prime model for exposure-based therapies for anxiety disorders. We investigated whether tFUS stimulation to a critical brain area, the infralimbic subdivision of the prefrontal cortex (IL), could facilitate fear extinction using rats. In a series of experiments, tFUS was delivered to the IL of a freely-moving rat and compared to sham stimulation (tFUS vs. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 25, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Jaeyong Lee, Ye Eun Kim, Jihong Lim, Yehhyun Jo, Hyunjoo Jenny Lee, Yong Sang Jo, June-Seek Choi Source Type: research

Low frequency stimulation for seizure suppression: Identification of optimal targets in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit
This study explores the efficacy of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 23, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Piret Kleis, Enya Paschen, Ute H äussler, Carola A. Haas Source Type: research

Non-invasive sound wave brain stimulation with Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) improves neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
This study explores Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) as a potential non-invasive treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), focusing on its impact on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Gilson Tanaka Shinzato, Tatiane Assone, Paulo C. Sandler, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Felipe Fregni, Marcia Radanovic, Orestes Vicente Forlenza, Linamara Rizzo Battistella Source Type: research

Feasibility study of microburst VNS therapy in drug-resistant focal and generalized epilepsy
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) at low frequencies ( ≤30 Hz) has been an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) for over 25 years. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Cornelia Drees, Pegah Afra, Ryan Verner, Lesley Kaye, Amy Keith, Mei Jiang, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Kathryn Nichol, The Microburst Study Group Source Type: research

Neural mechanisms of the temporal response of cortical neurons to intracortical microstimulation
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is used to map neuronal circuitry in the brain and restore lost sensory function, including vision, hearing, and somatosensation. The temporal response of cortical neurons to single pulse ICMS is remarkably stereotyped and comprises short latency excitation followed by prolonged inhibition and, in some cases, rebound excitation. However, the neural origin of the different response components to ICMS are poorly understood, and the interactions between the three response components during trains of ICMS pulses remains unclear. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinica...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 14, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Karthik Kumaravelu, Warren M. Grill Source Type: research

High frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation increases slow-wave activity during subsequent sleep in older adults with cognitive complaints
Slow-wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is critical for restoring neuronal homeostasis and is associated with better cognitive function among older adults [1]. SWA declines with aging, which may contribute to various forms of age-related pathology [2] and functional decline [3]. Enhancing SWA with methods that do not interfere with sleep or daytime function could potentially mitigate these age-related problems [1]. However, SWA is highly stable within an individual from night to night [4], making SWA enhancement a challenge. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kristine A. Wilckens, Ahmad Mayeli, Michelle E. Stepan, Christine W. Peng, Rima F. Habte, Kamakashi Sharma, Sabine A. Janssen, Savannah L. Applegate, Meredith L. Wallace, Daniel J. Buysse, Fabio Ferrarelli Source Type: research

Systematic 1  Hz direct electrical stimulation for seizure induction: A reliable method for localizing seizure onset zone and predicting seizure freedom
To prospectively investigate the utility of seizure induction using systematic 1Hz stimulation by exploring its concordance with the spontaneous seizure onset zone (SOZ) and relation to surgical outcome; comparison with seizures induced by non-systematic 50 Hz stimulation was attempted as well. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Adithya Sivaraju, Imran Quraishi, Evan Collins, Hari McGrath, Alexander Ramos, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Hitten Zaveri, Eyiyemisi Damisah, Dennis D. Spencer, Lawrence J. Hirsch Source Type: research

Bilateral intracortical inhibition during unilateral motor preparation and sequence learning
Motor sequence learning gradually quickens reaction time, suggesting that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes. Interestingly, evidence has shown that preparing sequence movements decreases short intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the contralateral motor cortex (M1), but also that sequence learning alters motor preparation processes in both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1s. Therefore, one possibility is that sequence learning alters the SICI decreases occurring during motor preparation in bilateral M1s. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Hamel, B.M. Waltzing, M.R. Hinder, C. McAllister, N. Jenkinson, J.M. Galea Source Type: research

When to hold and when to fold: Early prediction of nonresponse to transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder
Determining when to recommend a change in treatment regimen due to insufficient improvement is a common challenge in therapeutics. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Harold A. Sackeim, Scott T. Aaronson, Linda L. Carpenter, Todd M. Hutton, Kenneth Pages, Lindsay Lucas, Bing Chen Source Type: research

Tuning the brakes – Modulatory role of transcranial random noise stimulation on inhibition
Cognitive control is an executive function that governs our ability to learn, modify and update actions flexibly [1] and remains challenging to restore with invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation. Though still under debate, inhibitory control is argued to fall within cognitive control [2], with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) being one of the critical structures [3]. Transcranial random noise stimulation (TRNS) modulates cortico-excitability, potentially by altering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) concentration [4], which in the sensorimotor cortex, has been shown to play a vital role in modulating beta rhythms [5...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Alekhya Mandali, Flavie Torrecillos, Christoph Wiest, Alek Pogosyan, Shenghong He, Diogo Coutinho Soriano, Huiling Tan, Charlotte Stagg, Hayriye Cagnan Source Type: research

Combining neuroimaging and brain stimulation to test alternative causal pathways for nicotine addiction in schizophrenia
The smoking rate is high in patients with schizophrenia. Brain stimulation targeting conventional brain circuits associated with nicotine addiction has also yielded mixed results. We aimed to identify alternative circuitries associated with nicotine addiction in both the general population and schizophrenia, and then test whether modulation of such circuitries may alter nicotine addiction behaviors in schizophrenia. In Study I of 40 schizophrenia smokers and 51 non-psychiatric smokers, cross-sectional neuroimaging analysis identified resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dm...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoming Du, Fow-Sen Choa, Joshua Chiappelli, Heather Bruce, Mark Kvarta, Ann Summerfelt, Yizhou Ma, William T. Regenold, Kevin Walton, George F. Wittenberg, Stephanie Hare, Si Gao, Andrew van der Vaart, Zhiwei Zhao, Shuo Chen, Peter Kochunov, L. Elliot H Source Type: research