Deep TMS: A comprehensive summary of adverse events from five multicenter trials
Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, commonly known as Deep TMS, is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool which is now actively used throughout the world for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric diseases. Through electromagnetic induction Deep TMS coils lead to neural depolarization in a network of neural regions that are modulated by the specific conformation of the coil. Currently, there are three Deep TMS coils cleared for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- the H1, H4, and H7 coils. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aron Tendler, Roman Gersner, Yiftach Roth, Ahava Stein, Tal Harmelech, Colleen A. Hanlon Source Type: research

Response to Letter to the Editor, ‘Some concerns about exclusion of participants’
We thank Kawashima et al for the insightful comments and suggestions provided on our study entitled “Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial”. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mingshu Tao, Song Zhang, Yuan Han, Chunyan Li, Qi Wei, Dexian Chen, Qiu Zhao, Jie Yang, Rongguang Liu, Jiaxing Fang, Xiang Li, Hongxing Zhang, He Liu, Jun-Li Cao Source Type: research

Comparative efficacy of rTMS add-on treatment for bipolar depression versus unipolar depression
Patients with Bipolar disorder (BD) frequently experience more depressive than manic episodes, and treatment options are limited. While pharmacological therapies remain primary, their effectiveness is limited, and side effects can include manic switch [1]. Interestingly, recent studies and meta-analyses have suggested the potential antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for BD patients. Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown promise in addressing specific symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders, including BD and unipolar depression (MDD), by potentially rectifying pathologica...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Chien-Lin Wu, Chin Wei Yek, Tzu-Yun Wang, Tsung-Hua Lu, Wei Hung Chang, Po See Chen Source Type: research

Kinematic adaptive deep brain stimulation for gait impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Gait impairment and freezing of gait (GI&FOG) are debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which increase the risk of falls, injury, and morbidity, and may be refractory to medication [1]. Open loop deep brain stimulation (olDBS) improves GI&FOG [2,3], but the observed improvement may lose efficacy over time. The waning of efficacy over time and the disabling side effects of combining olDBS with medication have highlighted the potential of demand-based or adaptive DBS (aDBS), where DBS intensity is modulated in response to a biomarker that is related to the pathological motor behavior targeted. (Source: BRAIN STI...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jillian A. Melbourne, Yasmine M. Kehnemouyi, Johanna J. O'Day, Kevin B. Wilkins, Aryaman S. Gala, Matthew N. Petrucci, Emilia F. Lambert, Hannah Dorris, Cameron Diep, Jeffrey A. Herron, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart Source Type: research

Erratum to ‘5th International Brain Stimulation Meeting’ Abstracts
(Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Erratum to ‘5th International Brain Stimulation Meeting’ Abstracts
The abstract below was mistakenly omitted from the ‘5th International Brain Stimulation Meeting’abstracts, published in Brain Stimulation issue 16/1. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Machine versus physician-based programming of deep brain stimulation in isolated dystonia: A feasibility study
Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus effectively alleviates dystonia motor symptoms. However, delayed symptom control and a lack of therapeutic biomarkers and a single pallidal sweetspot region complicates optimal programming. Postoperative management is complex, typically requiring multiple, lengthy follow-ups with an experienced physician – an important barrier to widespread adoption in medication-refractory dystonia patients. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Florian Lange, Carolina Soares, Jonas Roothans, Rita Raimundo, Hazem Eldebakey, Benedikt Weigl, Robert Peach, Christine Daniels, Thomas Musacchio, Jens Volkmann, Maria Jos é Rosas, Martin M. Reich Source Type: research

Biomarker-guided neuromodulation aids memory in traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of cognitive disability in adults, often characterized by marked deficits in episodic memory and executive function. Prior studies have found that direct electrical stimulation of the temporal cortex yielded improved memory in epilepsy patients, but it is not clear if these results generalize to patients with a specific history of TBI. Here we asked whether applying closed-loop, direct electrical stimulation to lateral temporal cortex could reliably improve memory in a TBI cohort. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael J. Kahana, Youssef Ezzyat, Paul A. Wanda, Ethan A. Solomon, Richard Adamovich-Zeitlin, Bradley Lega, Barbara C. Jobst, Robert E. Gross, Kan Ding, Ramon R. Diaz-Arrastia Source Type: research

Augmenting varenicline treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) increases smoking abstinence rates at end of treatment
Tobacco smoking relapse is often associated with neuroadaptations such as desensitization of nicotine acetylcholine receptors [1]. Varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, is currently the most effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, however, long-term abstinence rates remain low [2]. Given the emphasis of neuroplasticity in chronic tobacco use, the adjunctive use of neuromodulation techniques such as t ranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can potentially target and reverse select neuroadaptations associated with tobacco smoking relapse. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, T...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Helena Zhang, Tarek K. Rajji, Peter Selby, Osnat Melamed, Sophia Attwells, Laurie Zawertailo Source Type: research

Pilot study of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation for inpatients with treatment depression
Background: To investigate the feasibility, tolerability, and effectiveness aiTBS (accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation) treatment for inpatients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaowei Tan, Yuwei Lee, Christopher Chan, Phern-Chern Tor Source Type: research

Improvement in depression just prior to TMS
Background: Published clinical studies of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) rarely state whether the "baseline" scale score was obtained on the day of the first treatment, or at some other time prior to treatment. Noting that the timing of the baseline might be an important variable, we tested the hypothesis that there might be a systematic change in PHQ-9 scores during the run-up to beginning TMS. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Steven A. Harvey, Geoffrey Grammer, Sai V. Mandava, Aron Tendler Source Type: research

Older Age Associated with Better Antidepressant Response to Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Background: TMS is increasingly used to treat major depression, but factors that predict better treatment outcomes remain unclear. We assessed the association between age and TMS response given inconsistent reports in the literature, as prior studies were limited by small sample size, heterogeneity, outdated TMS parameters, lack of assessment of deep TMS, and lack of an a priori hypothesis. We hypothesized that older age would be associated with better treatment response based on trends in recent large exploratory analyses. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Maria S. Kryatova, Stephen J. Seiner, Joshua C. Brown, Shan H. Siddiqi Source Type: research

An agile, data driven approach for target selection in rTMS therapy for anxiety symptoms
Background: Image-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is becoming increasingly popular as it allows for more precise targeting compared to traditional methods. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) -based functional connectivity analysis may further increase precision by identifying anomalous circuits prior to treatment. This may in turn offer symptom-specific, individualized target selection, offering improved patient outcomes by aiming treatment at the most abnormal brain regions. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Isabella M. Young, Hugh M. Taylor, Peter J. Nicholas, Alana Mackenzie, Onur Tanglay, Nicholas B. Dadario, Karol Osipowicz, Stephane Doyen, Charles Teo, Michael E. Sughrue Source Type: research

Quality of Life Improvement Following Deep TMS for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Background: Low Quality of Life (QOL) is a potent and intransigent factor that contributes to the global disability associated with depression. While therapeutic trials for depression typically focus on the primary mood symptoms, less is known about the impact of treatment on QOL. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Deep TMS on QOL. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aron Tendler, Yiftach Roth, Tal Harmelech Source Type: research

Chronic Caffeine Consumption Curbs rTMS-induced Plasticity
Background: Caffeine is a widely used psychostimulant. In the brain, caffeine acts as a competitive, non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist of A1 and A2A, which are known to modulate long-term potentiation (LTP), the cellular basis of learning and memory. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is theorized to work through LTP induction and can modulate cortical excitability as measured via motor evoked potentials (MEP). (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Megan Vigne, Jamie Kweon, Prayushi Sharma, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Linda L. Carpenter, Joshua C. Brown Source Type: research