Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants after randomisation to initial resuscitation with lower (FiO2 0.6) initial oxygen levels. An individual patient meta-analysis
Conclusion Initial FiO2 was not associated with difference in risk of disability/death at 2 years in infants <32 weeks’ gestation but CIs were wide. Substantial benefit or harm cannot be excluded. Larger randomised studies accounting for patient differences, for example, gestation and gender are urgently needed. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Oei, J. L., Kapadia, V., Rabi, Y., Saugstad, O. D., Rook, D., Vermeulen, M. J., Boronat, N., Thamrin, V., Tarnow-Mordi, W., Smyth, J., Wright, I. M., Lui, K., van Goudoever, J. B., Gebski, V., Vento, M. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Social inequalities in access to care at birth and neonatal mortality: an observational study
Conclusions Newborns with the lowest SES were less likely to be born in level III maternity hospitals compared with those with the highest SES, despite having higher prematurity rates. This was associated with a significantly higher mortality in newborns with the lowest SES. Strategies must be developed to increase health equity among mothers and newborns. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Michel, M., Alberti, C., Carel, J.-C., Chevreul, K. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Prenatal ultrasonographic markers for prediction of complex gastroschisis and adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonographic markers, especially the second trimester IABD and EABD, can identify fetuses that develop complex gastroschisis. Furthermore, these specific ultrasonographic markers can identify those babies at the highest risk for severe complications of this congenital anomaly and hence selected for future antenatal interventions. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Sun, R. C., Hessami, K., Krispin, E., Pammi, M., Mostafaei, S., Joyeux, L., Deprest, J., Keswani, S., Lee, T. C., King, A., Belfort, M. A., Shamshirsaz, A. A. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Outcome of non-cooled asphyxiated infants with under-recognised or delayed-onset encephalopathy
Conclusions All infants with documented perinatal asphyxia and seizure onset within 24 hours after birth who did not receive TH had abnormalities on MRI. 51% had an adverse outcome. Better methods for recognition of infants who might benefit from TH and careful neurodevelopmental follow-up are urgently needed. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Parmentier, C. E. J., Steggerda, S. J., Weeke, L. C., Rijken, M., De Vries, L. S., Groenendaal, F. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of low-dose diazoxide in small-for-gestational-age infants with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Conclusion Our study demonstrates that low-dose DZX effectively treats SGA infants with HH as measured by fasting studies. Although the safety profile was excellent, minimal adverse events were still observed with DZX, even at low doses. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Chandran, S., R, P. R., Mei Chien, C., Saffari, S. E., Rajadurai, V. S., Yap, F. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Necrotising enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis and mortality after routine probiotic introduction in the UK
Conclusions Probiotic use in this centre did not reduce overall mortality or rates of NEC, LOS or FIP but subgroup analysis identified NEC risk reduction in infants >28 weeks, and LOS reduction <28 weeks. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Granger, C., Dermyshi, E., Roberts, E., Beck, L. C., Embleton, N., Berrington, J. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Omphalomesenteric duct in a neonate with omphalocele minor
On primary supply following delivery of a hypotrophic preterm boy (gestational age 36 weeks, Apgar 8/9/10, birth weight 1010 g (<1st percentile)), an omphalocele minor (2.5x5 cm) was diagnosed with a central aperture (0.8 cm diameter) emptying meconium (figure 1). Laboratory assessment and organ screening were inconspicuous, and no associated congenital malformation was detected in the otherwise healthy patient. Subsequent laparotomy following physiological adaptation confirmed an omphalocele minor solely containing intestinal loops and identified an omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) opening on the top of the sac (figure 2)....
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Romanova, A., Nissen, M., Sander, V., Backendorf, A., Tröbs, R.-B. Tags: Images in neonatal medicine Source Type: research

Manipulating the neonatal gut microbiome: current understanding and future perspectives
The development of a healthy intestinal microbiome following birth contributes to the overall health of the infant during childhood and into adulthood. However, modern birth practices such as caesarean delivery, feeding, antibiotic exposure as well as maternal factors have the potential to greatly impact infant microbiome development. Aberrant microbiome development may be a key factor in the increasing incidence of inflammatory and gut diseases. This review will summarise the current understanding of how modern birth practices may contribute to deficiencies in neonatal gut microbiome development and will also present pote...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Wong, E., Lui, K., Day, A. S., Leach, S. T. Tags: Open access Reviews Source Type: research

Is it time for routine probiotic use in UK neonatal units?
Probiotics have been evaluated extensively in preterm babies for more than 30 years. Early studies in the 1990s sought to ascertain whether or not these live micro-organisms could colonise the preterm intestinal tract, while others evaluated their potential to improve nutritional outcomes. From the late 1990s, a series of small studies (including randomised controlled trials (RCTs)) reported outcomes of reduced necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies receiving probiotics and interest in their use as a preventative strategy for NEC accelerated from the early 2000s.1 In 2010, a meta-analysis concluded that probiotics were ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Fleming, P. Tags: Editor's choice Editorials Source Type: research

Highlights from this issue
Probiotics and the microbiome Paul Fleming addresses the question of whether it is time for neonatal units to provide probiotics routinely in the care of preterm infants. This editorial was commissioned in relation to a single centre report of outcomes before and after implementation of probiotics in Newcastle (UK) by Claire Granger and colleagues. Probiotics were implemented in Newcastle in January 2013, initially with a dual strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) and later with a triple strain preparation (L. acidophilus, B. bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum spp infantis) from August 2016. Outcom...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - June 17, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Stenson, B. J. Tags: Fantoms Source Type: research

Blood gas bilirubin measurements in neonates must be adjusted for HbF to avoid misleading results
Hyperbilirubinaemia is common in the first week of life with 60%–80% of babies developing jaundice.1 Though usually uncomplicated, untreated hyperbilirubinaemia, can lead to irreversible neurological injury.2 Prevention of bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) includes universal risk factor and clinical assessment with additional transcutaneous bilirubinometer or Total serum bilirubin (TSB) assessment.1 Point of care testing (POCT) has the advantage of rapid bedside results, improving outcomes. Bilirubin measurement is available as a POCT via blood gas analysers in most neonatal intensive care units (NICU...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - April 20, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Thomas, N., McNeil, A., Collins, C. L. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

End-of-life decisions in neonates and infants: a population-level mortality follow-back study
To the editor Critically ill neonates present clinical and ethical challenges. The deaths of these infants are often preceded by possibly life-shortening end-of-life decisions (ELD), including non-treatment decisions or pain and/or symptom relief medication. Recent empirical information about this practice is scarce. We performed a nationwide mortality follow-back survey for all deaths under the age of 1 between September 2016 and December 2017 in Flanders, Belgium. For all death cases identified through death certificates, treating physicians were sent an anonymous questionnaire about which ELDs were made. Details of the ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - April 20, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Dombrecht, L., Beernaert, K., Chambaere, K., Cools, F., Goossens, L., Naulaers, G., Cohen, J., Deliens, L., The NICU consortium Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

Discriminating necrotising enterocolitis and focal intestinal perforation
Discriminating necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation (FIP) is important for clinical trials, observational cohorts, quality improvement and aetiological understanding. Literature suggests that timing and key features diagnose and discriminate, and that NEC subclassifications exist. We used a detailed 10-year cohort of NEC and FIP cases in preterm infants born <32 weeks’ gestation from a single centre to explore antecedent factors, presentation and potential NEC subclassifications. 785 infants had 144 episodes of NEC and 38 of FIP. FIP presented earlier than NEC, but ranges overlapped, an...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - April 20, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Berrington, J., Embleton, N. D. Tags: Short reports Source Type: research

Vicarious excretion of contrast material in a neonate
A 24+5 weeks’ gestation neonate was conservatively managed for necrotising enterocolitis associated with acute kidney injury. His creatinine peaked at 115 µmol/L (day 19), improving to 64 µmol/L (day 31). At 30+0 weeks’ corrected gestation (day 37), weighing 1.02 kg, he remained ventilated and underwent a transcatheter closure of his patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a cardiac unit. His PDA’s unusual anatomy (a tortuous anterior course) was closed successfully with a 3/2 AmplatzerADO II AS. He received 4 mL of intravenous iodixanol (Visipaque (320 mgI/mL)), an isotonic iodine-based contrast. A...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - April 20, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Harrington, L. K., Bautista-Rodriguez, C., Gomez, A., Lunn, A., Beardsall, K. Tags: Images in neonatal medicine Source Type: research

Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease: clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis
Conclusions Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease has a heterogenous aetiology. The number of diagnoses can be increased, and clarity regarding prognosis can be achieved by comprehensive biochemical and molecular analyses using appropriate tissue samples. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - April 20, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ebihara, T., Nagatomo, T., Sugiyama, Y., Tsuruoka, T., Osone, Y., Shimura, M., Tajika, M., Matsuhashi, T., Ichimoto, K., Matsunaga, A., Akiyama, N., Ogawa-Tominaga, M., Yatsuka, Y., Nitta, K. R., Kishita, Y., Fushimi, T., Imai-Okazaki, A., Ohtake, A., Oka Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research