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Fetal alcohol syndrome in the UK
Conclusions The estimated incidence rate of FAS is lower than reported by similar studies and there was a wide variation in the age that cases were diagnosed. This, combined with the fact that many cases were notified and then withdrawn or excluded, suggests that in the UK there is a lack of consistency and certainty in diagnosing FAS. The study findings strongly support the need to educate key professionals involved in the care of infants and children at risk of FAS. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - September 19, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Burleigh, C. R., Lynn, R. M., Verity, C., Winstone, A. M., White, S. R., Johnson, K. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Reducing the risk of prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD through social services: promising results from the FAR SEAS pilot project
DiscussionChanging risky behaviors (alcohol consumption and sex without contraception) to prevent alcohol exposed pregnancies is feasible at the local level, even without engagement of medical professionals. Key challenges, related to engaging professionals and local authorities, must be addressed; and procedures should be adapted to local contexts and needs. (Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry)
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - September 15, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

A Case Report on Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Cureus. 2023 Aug 1;15(8):e42792. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42792. eCollection 2023 Aug.ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide and in the United States. The majority of healthy adults who acquire CMV infections have few symptoms and no long-term consequences, though this is not the case for certain groups, including neonates infected in utero. This infection can lead to permanent sequelae, including death. Despite this, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is not well known among women of childbearing age. Women are more informed about neural tube defects, fetal alcohol syndrome, Down syndrom...
Source: Herpes - September 4, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Arley K Rodriguez Lindsay Tjiattas-Saleski Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 20, Pages 6706: Epigenetics of Trauma Transmission and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: What Does the Evidence Support?
The objective of this review is to present the current evidence for epigenetics in trauma transmission as it relates to FASD, to help bridge a potential knowledge gap for social workers and related health professionals. We include a primer on epigenetic mechanisms and inheritance, followed by a summary of the current biomedical evidence supporting intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic transmission of trauma, its relevance to FASD, the intersection with social transmission, and finally the application to social work. We propose potential models of transmission, considering where social and epigenetic pathways m...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - September 3, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sarah M. Orton Kimberly Millis Peter Choate Tags: Review Source Type: research

GSE241836 Analysis of the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on the Placenta —Cortex transcriptomic signature
In conclusion, this study establishes the first transcriptomic placenta–cortex signature of a developing mouse. The data show that PAE m arkedly unbalances this inter-organ signature; in particular, several ligands and/or receptors involved in the control of angiogenesis. These data support that PAE modifies the existing communication between the two organs and opens new research avenues regarding the impact of placental dysfunction on the neurovascular development of fetuses. Such a signature would present a clinical value for early diagnosis of brain defects in FASD. (Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus)
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - September 1, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by array Mus musculus Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and related novel therapeutic approaches
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023 Aug 21:166854. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166854. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term to describe the neurological effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). It has been extensively characterized that PAE causes cell proliferation disruption, heterotopias, and malformations in various brain regions and there is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation is responsible for some of these neurotoxic effects. Despite evidence of its importance, neuroinflammation is not usually considered at diagnosis or treatment for FASD. Here, we ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - August 23, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Padilla-Valdez Mayra Madeleine D íaz-Iñiguez María Isabel Ortu ño-Sahagún Daniel Rojas-Mayorqu ín Argelia Esperanza Source Type: research

Diagnostic Accuracy and economic value of a Tiered Assessment for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (DATAforFASD): Protocol
This study compares the accuracy of rapid assessments (index tests) that can be administered by a range of primary healthcare practitioners to specialist standardised FASD assessments (reference tests). The cost-efficiency of index tests will be compared with reference tests.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: At least 200 children aged 6-16 years at-risk of FASD will be recruited across at least seven study sites. Following standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy study (STARD) guidelines, all children will complete index and reference tests. Diagnostic accuracy statistics (including receiver operating curves, sensitivity, specifici...
Source: Rural Remote Health - August 16, 2023 Category: Rural Health Authors: Dianne C Shanley Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck Amanda J Wheeler Joshua Byrnes Robert S Ware Wei Liu Gabrielle Simcock Codi White Sarah Horton Marjad Page Doug Shelton Haydn Till Ianthe Mills Carly Hislop Katrina Harris Alison Crichton Natasha Reid Sheena Reilly Source Type: research

Diagnostic Accuracy and economic value of a Tiered Assessment for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (DATAforFASD): Protocol
This study compares the accuracy of rapid assessments (index tests) that can be administered by a range of primary healthcare practitioners to specialist standardised FASD assessments (reference tests). The cost-efficiency of index tests will be compared with reference tests. Methods and analysis At least 200 children aged 6–16 years at-risk of FASD will be recruited across at least seven study sites. Following standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy study (STARD) guidelines, all children will complete index and reference tests. Diagnostic accuracy statistics (including receiver operating curves, sensitivity, sp...
Source: BMJ Open - August 16, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Shanley, D. C., Zimmer-Gembeck, M., Wheeler, A. J., Byrnes, J., Ware, R. S., Liu, W., Simcock, G., White, C., Horton, S., Page, M., Shelton, D., Till, H., Mills, I., Hislop, C., Harris, K., Crichton, A., Reid, N., Reilly, S., Moritz, K., Walsh, K., Rundle Tags: Open access, Diagnostics Source Type: research

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report
AbstractIt is estimated that up to 1 in 20 people in the United States are affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive, emotional, physical and social disorders caused by exposure to alcohol during prenatal development. Common diagnoses encompassed within FASD include mood and behavioral disorders, memory and central nervous system deficits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), slow growth and low body weight. While this condition affects a broad range of individuals and families, it is of particular concern in the military community, where cultural factors including an increased ...
Source: BMC Proceedings - August 15, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protection in altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders due to physiological and ethanol-enhanced reactive oxygen species formation
Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Aug 2:S0891-5849(23)00578-6. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe breast cancer 1 (Brca1) susceptibility gene regulates the repair of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage, which is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) exposure during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including abnormal brain function, associated with enhanced ROS-initiated DNA damage. Herein, oxidative DNA damage in fetal brains and neurodevelopmental disorders were enhanced in saline-exposed ± vs. +/+ Brca1 littermates. A s...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - August 4, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle M Drake Danlin Zhen Isabel Kerrebijn Benjamin Or Sophie Gao Kian Afsharian Jason Tran Shama Bhatia Ashley Cheng Peter G Wells Source Type: research

Neurotoxicology of alcohol: a bibliometric and science mapping analysis
This study aimed to identify and map the knowledge and to perform bibliometric analysis of the neurotoxicology of alcohol based on the 100 most cited articles. A search was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection database and information was extracted regarding the journal, authors, keywords, year of publication, number of citations, country and continent of the corresponding author. For each selected manuscript, the study design, alcohol exposure model, dose, period of exposure, and effect on the central nervous system and research hotspots were mapped. The journal with the highest number of publications was Alc...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - August 1, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Using meconium to establish prenatal alcohol exposure in the UK: ethical, legal and social considerations
An expanding policy framework aimed at monitoring alcohol consumption during pregnancy has emerged. The primary justification is prevention of harm from what is termed ‘prenatal alcohol exposure’ (PAE), by enabling more extensive diagnosis of the disability labelled fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Here we focus on proposals to include biomarkers as a PAE ‘screening tool’, specifically those found in meconium (the first newborn excrement), which are discussed as an ‘objective’ measure of PAE. We ask the overarching question, ‘Can routine screening of meconium to establish PA...
Source: Journal of Medical Ethics - July 24, 2023 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Arkell, R., Lee, E. Tags: Current controversy Source Type: research

Ethanol-induced AMPA alterations are mediated by mGLU5 receptors through miRNA upregulation in hippocampal slices
Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Jul 9:175878. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175878. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects neuronal networks and brain development causing a range of physical, cognitive and behavioural disorders in newborns that persist into adulthood. The array of consequences associated with PAE can be grouped under the umbrella-term 'fetal alcohol spectrum disorders' (FASD). Unfortunately, there is no cure for FASD as the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology are still unknown. We have recently demonstrated that chronic EtOH exposure, followed by withdrawal, induces a significa...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - July 11, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Elisabetta Gerace Lorenzo Curti Lucia Caffino Elisabetta Bigagli Francesca Mottarlini Fernando Castillo D íaz Alice Ilari Cristina Luceri Carlo Dani Fabio Fumagalli Alessio Masi Guido Mannaioni Source Type: research