The nucleus makes the rules
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hurtley, S. M. Tags: Cell Biology twis Source Type: news
Intricacies of amino acid sensing
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Ray, L. B. Tags: Cell Biology twis Source Type: news
The GATOR-Rag GTPase pathway inhibits mTORC1 activation by lysosome-derived amino acids
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) couples nutrient sufficiency to cell growth. mTORC1 is activated by exogenously acquired amino acids sensed through the GATOR–Rag guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) pathway, or by amino acids derived through lysosomal degradation of protein by a poorly defined mechanism. Here, we revealed that amino acids derived from the degradation of protein (acquired through oncogenic Ras-driven macropinocytosis) activate mTORC1 by a Rag GTPase–independent mechanism. mTORC1 stimulation through this pathway required the HOPS complex and was negatively regulated by activat...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hesketh, G. G., Papazotos, F., Pawling, J., Rajendran, D., Knight, J. D. R., Martinez, S., Taipale, M., Schramek, D., Dennis, J. W., Gingras, A.-C. Tags: Cell Biology reports Source Type: news
The nucleus measures shape changes for cellular proprioception to control dynamic cell behavior
The physical microenvironment regulates cell behavior during tissue development and homeostasis. How single cells decode information about their geometrical shape under mechanical stress and physical space constraints within tissues remains largely unknown. Here, using a zebrafish model, we show that the nucleus, the biggest cellular organelle, functions as an elastic deformation gauge that enables cells to measure cell shape deformations. Inner nuclear membrane unfolding upon nucleus stretching provides physical information on cellular shape changes and adaptively activates a calcium-dependent mechanotransduction pathway,...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Venturini, V., Pezzano, F., Catala Castro, F., Häkkinen, H.-M., Jimenez-Delgado, S., Colomer-Rosell, M., Marro, M., Tolosa-Ramon, Q., Paz-Lopez, S., Valverde, M. A., Weghuber, J., Loza-Alvarez, P., Krieg, M., Wieser, S., Ruprecht, V. Tags: Cell Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
The nucleus acts as a ruler tailoring cell responses to spatial constraints
In this study, we found that cells measure the degree of spatial confinement by using their largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus. Cell confinement below a resting nucleus size deforms the nucleus, which expands and stretches its envelope. This activates signaling to the actomyosin cortex via nuclear envelope stretch-sensitive proteins, up-regulating cell contractility. We established that the tailored contractile response constitutes a nuclear ruler–based signaling pathway involved in migratory cell behaviors. Cells rely on the nuclear ruler to modulate the motive force that enables their passage through restr...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Lomakin, A. J., Cattin, C. J., Cuvelier, D., Alraies, Z., Molina, M., Nader, G. P. F., Srivastava, N., Saez, P. J., Garcia-Arcos, J. M., Zhitnyak, I. Y., Bhargava, A., Driscoll, M. K., Welf, E. S., Fiolka, R., Petrie, R. J., De Silva, N. S., Gonzalez-Gran Tags: Cell Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotic cells and a source of nutrients for intracellular pathogens. We demonstrate that mammalian LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antimicrobial capacity, which is up-regulated by danger signals. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), multiple host defense proteins, including interferon-inducible guanosine triphosphatases and the antimicrobial cathelicidin, assemble into complex clusters on LDs. LPS additionally promotes the physical and functional uncoupling of LDs from mitochondria, reducing fatty acid metabolism while increasing LD-bacterial con...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 15, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Bosch, M., Sanchez-Alvarez, M., Fajardo, A., Kapetanovic, R., Steiner, B., Dutra, F., Moreira, L., Lopez, J. A., Campo, R., Mari, M., Morales-Paytuvi, F., Tort, O., Gubern, A., Templin, R. M., Curson, J. E. B., Martel, N., Catala, C., Lozano, F., Tebar, F Tags: Cell Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Avasthi Named President of International Science Board
Prachee Avasthi, PhD, an associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine, has been named president of the ASAPbio (Accelerating Science and Publication in biology) organization—a scientist-driven nonprofit promoting transparency and innovation in life sciences communication. (Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School)
Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School - October 13, 2020 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Timothy Dean Tags: News Press Release Source Type: news
Urine-based liquid biopsy test outperforms urine cytology in detecting bladder cancer
(American Association for Cancer Research) Analysis of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in the cells exfoliated in urine showed better sensitivity and similar specificity in detecting urothelial carcinoma compared with urine cytology (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - October 9, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Evolution of bioengineered blood vessels
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - October 8, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Kelly, P. N. Tags: Cell Biology twis Source Type: news
Bioengineered human blood vessels
Since the advent of the vascular anastomosis by Alexis Carrel in the early 20th century, the repair and replacement of blood vessels have been key to treating acute injuries, as well as chronic atherosclerotic disease. Arteries serve diverse mechanical and biological functions, such as conducting blood to tissues, interacting with the coagulation system, and modulating resistance to blood flow. Early approaches for arterial replacement used artificial materials, which were supplanted by polymer fabrics in recent decades. With recent advances in the engineering of connective tissues, including arteries, we are on the cusp o...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 8, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Niklason, L. E., Lawson, J. H. Tags: Cell Biology, Online Only review Source Type: news
JOC goes online and open access
The Journal of Cytology is the official quarterly publication of the Indian Academy of Cytologists. It is in the 25th year of publication in the year 2008. The journal covers all aspects of diagnostic cytology, including fine needle aspiration cytology, gynecological and non-gynecological cytology. JoC is now available online for free access to everyone from its newly designed website http://www.jcytol.org. JoC accepts articles electronically and manuscripts can be submitted online from www.journalonweb.com/joc. There is no fee required to be paid for submission or processing of articles.May-2008 (Source: Medknow News)
Source: Medknow News - September 30, 2020 Category: Databases & Libraries Source Type: news
More journals selected for SCI indexing
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Journal of Cytology have also been selected by Thomson Reuters for coverage in the following prestigious databases:Science Citation Index ExpandedJournal Citation Reports/Science Edition, & Web of ScienceJune-2008 (Source: Medknow News)
Source: Medknow News - September 30, 2020 Category: Databases & Libraries Source Type: news
More Medknow journals in CAB Abstracts and CINAHL
Following journals are now indexed by CAB AbstractsJournal of Human Reproductive SciencesJournal of Andrology, Sexual Medicine, Ageing and GenderIndian Journal of Medical MicrobiologyHepatitis B AnnualJournal of CytologyMens Sana MonographsCINAHL now includes 3 more Medknow journals in its databaseIndian Journal of Radiology and ImagingAnnals of Indian Academy of NeurologyAsian Journal of Transfusion ScienceFebruary-2009 (Source: Medknow News)
Source: Medknow News - September 30, 2020 Category: Databases & Libraries Source Type: news
Stem cell studies probe origins of the placenta
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - September 30, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Servick, K. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases In Depth Source Type: news
Blocking enzyme's self-destruction process may mitigate age-related diseases
(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Stopping the cannibalistic behavior of a well-studied enzyme could be the key to new drugs to fight age-related diseases, according to a new study published online in Nature Cell Biology. For the first time, researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania show how the self-eating cellular process known as autophagy is causing the SIRT1 enzyme, long known to play a role in longevity, to degrade over time in cells and tissue in mice. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - September 29, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
