Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy
In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular remodeling during late-stage sterile inflammation. Senescent vasculature released a secretome that attracted neutrophils an...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 19, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Binet, F., Cagnone, G., Crespo-Garcia, S., Hata, M., Neault, M., Dejda, A., Wilson, A. M., Buscarlet, M., Mawambo, G. T., Howard, J. P., Diaz-Marin, R., Parinot, C., Guber, V., Pilon, F., Juneau, R., Laflamme, R., Sawchyn, C., Boulay, K., Leclerc, S., Abu Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
New Geisel Faculty Member Receives National Award for Excellence in Cell Biology
Prachee Avasthi, PhD, an associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine and one of the medical school’s newest faculty members, has received the 2020 Women in Cell Biology Junior Award for Excellence in Research from the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). (Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School)
Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School - August 18, 2020 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Timothy Dean Tags: Education News ASCB award cell biology faculty Source Type: news
Mitochondrial dynamics in postmitotic cells regulate neurogenesis
We examined and manipulated mitochondrial dynamics during mouse and human cortical neurogenesis. We reveal that shortly after cortical stem cells have divided, daughter cells destined to self-renew undergo mitochondrial fusion, whereas those that retain high levels of mitochondria fission become neurons. Increased mitochondria fission promotes neuronal fate, whereas induction of mitochondria fusion after mitosis redirects daughter cells toward self-renewal. This occurs during a restricted time window that is doubled in human cells, in line with their increased self-renewal capacity. Our data reveal a postmitotic period of ...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 12, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Iwata, R., Casimir, P., Vanderhaeghen, P. Tags: Cell Biology, Neuroscience reports Source Type: news
BAF restricts cGAS on nuclear DNA to prevent innate immune activation
The appearance of DNA in the cytosol is perceived as a danger signal that stimulates potent immune responses through cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). How cells regulate the activity of cGAS toward self-DNA and guard against potentially damaging autoinflammatory responses is a fundamental biological question. Here, we identify barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (BAF) as a natural opponent of cGAS activity on genomic self-DNA. We show that BAF dynamically outcompetes cGAS for DNA binding, hence prohibiting the formation of DNA-cGAS complexes that are essential for enzymatic activ...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 12, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Guey, B., Wischnewski, M., Decout, A., Makasheva, K., Kaynak, M., Sakar, M. S., Fierz, B., Ablasser, A. Tags: Cell Biology, Immunology reports Source Type: news
A loose BAF puts its foot on the cGAS
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - August 12, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Scanlon, S. T. Tags: Cell Biology, Immunology twis Source Type: news
Mitochondrial dynamics and cell fate
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - August 12, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hines, P. J. Tags: Cell Biology, Neuroscience twis Source Type: news
Proteasomal control of division in Archaea
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - August 5, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hurtley, S. M. Tags: Cell Biology, Evolution twis Source Type: news
The proteasome controls ESCRT-III-mediated cell division in an archaeon
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is the closest experimentally tractable archaeal relative of eukaryotes and, despite lacking obvious cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclin homologs, has an ordered eukaryote-like cell cycle with distinct phases of DNA replication and division. Here, in exploring the mechanism of cell division in S. acidocaldarius, we identify a role for the archaeal proteasome in regulating the transition from the end of one cell cycle to the beginning of the next. Further, we identify the archaeal ESCRT-III homolog, CdvB, as a key target of the proteasome and show that its degradation triggers division by allowing c...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 5, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Tarrason Risa, G., Hurtig, F., Bray, S., Hafner, A. E., Harker-Kirschneck, L., Faull, P., Davis, C., Papatziamou, D., Mutavchiev, D. R., Fan, C., Meneguello, L., Arashiro Pulschen, A., Dey, G., Culley, S., Kilkenny, M., Souza, D. P., Pellegrini, L., de Br Tags: Cell Biology, Evolution, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
HPV Test Is Preferred Method for Cervical Cancer Screening: ACS HPV Test Is Preferred Method for Cervical Cancer Screening: ACS
New guidelines recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the preferred screening method, but cotesting and cytology alone are still acceptable options.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Hematology-Oncology Headlines)
Source: Medscape Hematology-Oncology Headlines - August 4, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Hematology-Oncology News Source Type: news
Structural insights into differences in G protein activation by family A and family B GPCRs
Family B heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism. Recent structures of family B GPCR-Gs protein complexes reveal a disruption in the α-helix of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) not observed in family A GPCRs. To investigate the functional impact of this structural difference, we compared the structure and function of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; family B) with the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR; family A). We determined the structure of the GCGR-Gs complex by means of cryo–electron microscopy at 3.1-...
Source: ScienceNOW - July 29, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hilger, D., Kumar, K. K., Hu, H., Pedersen, M. F., OBrien, E. S., Giehm, L., Jennings, C., Eskici, G., Inoue, A., Lerch, M., Mathiesen, J. M., Skiniotis, G., Kobilka, B. K. Tags: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Revealing family differences
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - July 29, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Vinson, V. Tags: Biochemistry, Cell Biology twis Source Type: news
Britta Will, Ph.D., Wins Pershing Square Sohn Prize for Cancer Research
July 29, 2020—(BRONX, NY)—Britta Will, Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine and of cell biology atAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, has won a2020 Pershing Square Sohn Prize for Young Investigators in Cancer Research. Dr. Will is one of seven New York City area-based scientists to receive the prestigious award, which provides $600,000 over three years for innovative basic science cancer research. (Source: Einstein News)
Source: Einstein News - July 29, 2020 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Britta Will, Ph.D., wins Pershing Square Sohn Prize for cancer research
(Albert Einstein College of Medicine) Britta Will, Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine and of cell biology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, has won a 2020 Pershing Square Sohn Prize for Young Investigators in Cancer Research. Dr. Will is one of seven New York City area-based scientists to receive the prestigious award, which provides $600,000 over three years for innovative basic science cancer research. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - July 29, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
How airway cells work together in regeneration and aging
Researchers at theEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA have identified the process by which stem cells in the airways of the lungs switch between two distinct phases — creating more of themselves and producing mature airway cells — to regenerate lung tissue after an injury.The study, published in Cell Stem Cell, also sheds light on how aging can cause lung regeneration to go awry, which can lead to lung cancer and other diseases. “There currently are few therapies that target the biology of lung diseases,” said Dr. Brigitte Gomperts,a professor and vice chair of re...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 27, 2020 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Thompson Street Capital sells a testing lab it has been building since 2015
The company sold offers comprehensive testing solutions in the molecular cell biology and virology testing, antimicrobial, pharmaceutical, medical device, biotech and health care industries. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines - July 27, 2020 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Greg Edwards Source Type: news
