Interactions between nascent proteins translated by adjacent ribosomes drive homomer assembly
In this study, we investigated whether direct interaction of two nascent proteins, emerging from nearby ribosomes (co-co assembly), constitutes a general mechanism for oligomer formation. We used proteome-wide screening to detect nascent chain–connected ribosome pairs and identified hundreds of homomer subunits that co-co assemble in human cells. Interactions are mediated by five major domain classes, among which N-terminal coiled coils are the most prevalent. We were able to reconstitute co-co assembly of nuclear lamin in Escherichia coli, demonstrating that dimer formation is independent of dedicated assembly machi...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 31, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Bertolini, M., Fenzl, K., Kats, I., Wruck, F., Tippmann, F., Schmitt, J., Auburger, J. J., Tans, S., Bukau, B., Kramer, G. Tags: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology r-articles Source Type: news
A tripartite mechanism catalyzes Mad2-Cdc20 assembly at unattached kinetochores
During cell division, kinetochores couple chromosomes to spindle microtubules. To protect against chromosome gain or loss, kinetochores lacking microtubule attachment locally catalyze association of the checkpoint proteins Cdc20 and Mad2, which is the key event in the formation of a diffusible checkpoint complex that prevents mitotic exit. We elucidated the mechanism of kinetochore-catalyzed Mad2-Cdc20 assembly with a probe that specifically monitors this assembly reaction at kinetochores in living cells. We found that catalysis occurs through a tripartite mechanism that includes localized delivery of Mad2 and Cdc20 substr...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 31, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Lara-Gonzalez, P., Kim, T., Oegema, K., Corbett, K., Desai, A. Tags: Biochemistry, Cell Biology reports Source Type: news
CDC20 assists its catalytic incorporation in the mitotic checkpoint complex
Open (O) and closed (C) topologies of HORMA-domain proteins are respectively associated with inactive and active states of fundamental cellular pathways. The HORMA protein O-MAD2 converts to C-MAD2 upon binding CDC20. This is rate limiting for assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), the effector of a checkpoint required for mitotic fidelity. A catalyst assembled at kinetochores accelerates MAD2:CDC20 association through a poorly understood mechanism. Using a reconstituted SAC system, we discovered that CDC20 is an impervious substrate for which access to MAD2 requires simultaneous docking on several sites of the ...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 31, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Piano, V., Alex, A., Stege, P., Maffini, S., Stoppiello, G. A., Huis in t Veld, P. J., Vetter, I. R., Musacchio, A. Tags: Biochemistry, Cell Biology reports Source Type: news
QRICH1 dictates the outcome of ER stress through transcriptional control of proteostasis
Tissue homeostasis is perturbed in a diversity of inflammatory pathologies. These changes can elicit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein misfolding, and cell death. ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which can promote recovery of ER proteostasis and cell survival or trigger programmed cell death. Here, we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing to define dynamic transcriptional states associated with the adaptive versus terminal UPR in the mouse intestinal epithelium. We integrated these transcriptional programs with genome-scale CRISPR screening to dissect the UPR pathway functionally. We identifi...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 31, 2020 Category: Science Authors: You, K., Wang, L., Chou, C.-H., Liu, K., Nakata, T., Jaiswal, A., Yao, J., Lefkovith, A., Omar, A., Perrigoue, J. G., Towne, J. E., Regev, A., Graham, D. B., Xavier, R. J. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
A powerful computational tool for efficient analysis of cell division 4D image data
(City University of Hong Kong) A joint research team co-led by City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has developed a novel computational tool that can reconstruct and visualise three-dimensional (3D) shapes and temporal changes of cells, speeding up the analysing process from hundreds of hours by hand to a few hours by the computer. Revolutionising the way biologists analyse image data, this tool can advance further studies in developmental and cell biology, such as the growth of cancer cells. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - December 22, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Top Technical Advances of 2020
The pandemic spurred innovation in a variety of ways, from CRISPR-based diagnostics to cell biology benchwork at home. (Source: The Scientist)
Source: The Scientist - December 18, 2020 Category: Science Tags: News & Opinion Source Type: news
Groundwork for COVID-19 Vaccine Laid at Dartmouth
Discoveries originating in a basic science lab at the Geisel School of Medicine are being used in the newly approved COVID-19 vaccine from the Pfizer/BioNTech partnership. (Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School)
Source: News at Dartmouth Medical School - December 17, 2020 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Timothy Dean Tags: News Press Release Research biochemistry cell biology COVID-19 vaccine Source Type: news
LSU health research suggests new mechanism to balance emotional behavior
(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) Research led by Si-Qiong June Liu, MD, PhD, Professor of Cell Biology and Anatomy at LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine, discovered a surprising reciprocal interaction between chemicals in the brain resulting in accelerated loss of molecules that regulate brain cell communication. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - December 17, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
mRNA's next challenge: Will it work as a drug?
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - December 17, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Servick, K. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases In Depth Source Type: news
A matter of balance: asymmetric divisions are crucial to form a functional retina
(Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia) Researchers at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci ê ncia and the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany, have discovered that in the developing retina, and important part of the central nervous system, the divisions leading to the first differentiating neurons are asymmetric and that this asymmetry is necessary to generate the correct types of neurons in the right numbers and proportions. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - December 11, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Tweaking genes with CRISPR or viruses fixes blood disorders
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - December 10, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Kaiser, J. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases In Depth Source Type: news
Timing and trigger of cell polarization
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - December 10, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Purnell, B. A. Tags: Cell Biology, Development twis Source Type: news
Developmental clock and mechanism of de novo polarization of the mouse embryo
Embryo polarization is critical for mouse development; however, neither the regulatory clock nor the molecular trigger that it activates is known. Here, we show that the embryo polarization clock reflects the onset of zygotic genome activation, and we identify three factors required to trigger polarization. Advancing the timing of transcription factor AP-2 gamma (Tfap2c) and TEA domain transcription factor 4 (Tead4) expression in the presence of activated Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) induces precocious polarization as well as subsequent cell fate specification and morphogenesis. Tfap2c and Tead4 induce expression of ...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 10, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Zhu, M., Cornwall-Scoones, J., Wang, P., Handford, C. E., Na, J., Thomson, M., Zernicka-Goetz, M. Tags: Cell Biology, Development, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Janssen Submits Application to U.S. FDA Seeking Approval of Amivantamab for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations
RARITAN, N.J., December 3, 2020 – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced today the submission of a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking approval of amivantamab for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. The application marks the first-ever regulatory submission for the treatment of patients with NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.[1] The Company has...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - December 3, 2020 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news
Discovery Against All Odds
Watch Nobel Laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini tell the story of how she continued her transformative cell biology research as World War II raged. (Source: The Scientist)
Source: The Scientist - December 1, 2020 Category: Science Tags: Videos Source Type: news
