Forming the early heart
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - March 4, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Purnell, B. A. Tags: Cell Biology, Development twis Source Type: news
New research will enhance corona safety during cruises
(Abo Akademi University) Researchers within Cell Biology and Industrial Management at Å bo Akademi University have developed models aimed at ensuring corona safety during cruises. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - March 1, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Ciliary motors locked closed by Shulin
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Hurtley, S. M. Tags: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology twis Source Type: news
Following cancer through the body
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Zahn, L. M. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases twis Source Type: news
Shulin packages axonemal outer dynein arms for ciliary targeting
The main force generators in eukaryotic cilia and flagella are axonemal outer dynein arms (ODAs). During ciliogenesis, these ~1.8-megadalton complexes are assembled in the cytoplasm and targeted to cilia by an unknown mechanism. Here, we used the ciliate Tetrahymena to identify two factors (Q22YU3 and Q22MS1) that bind ODAs in the cytoplasm and are required for ODA delivery to cilia. Q22YU3, which we named Shulin, locked the ODA motor domains into a closed conformation and inhibited motor activity. Cryo–electron microscopy revealed how Shulin stabilized this compact form of ODAs by binding to the dynein tails. Our fi...
Source: ScienceNOW - February 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Mali, G. R., Ali, F. A., Lau, C. K., Begum, F., Boulanger, J., Howe, J. D., Chen, Z. A., Rappsilber, J., Skehel, M., Carter, A. P. Tags: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology r-articles Source Type: news
Liver homeostasis is maintained by midlobular zone 2 hepatocytes
The liver is organized into zones in which hepatocytes express different metabolic enzymes. The cells most responsible for liver repopulation and regeneration remain undefined, because fate mapping has only been performed on a few hepatocyte subsets. Here, 14 murine fate-mapping strains were used to systematically compare distinct subsets of hepatocytes. During homeostasis, cells from both periportal zone 1 and pericentral zone 3 contracted in number, whereas cells from midlobular zone 2 expanded in number. Cells within zone 2, which are sheltered from common injuries, also contributed to regeneration after pericentral and...
Source: ScienceNOW - February 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Wei, Y., Wang, Y. G., Jia, Y., Li, L., Yoon, J., Zhang, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Sharma, T., Lin, Y.-H., Hsieh, M.-H., Albrecht, J. H., Le, P. T., Rosen, C. J., Wang, T., Zhu, H. Tags: Cell Biology, Development, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Single-cell lineages reveal the rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis in cancer xenografts
We report deeply resolved phylogenies for tens of thousands of cancer cells traced over months of growth and dissemination. This revealed stark heterogeneity in metastatic capacity, arising from preexisting and heritable differences in gene expression. We demonstrate that these identified genes can drive invasiveness and uncovered an unanticipated suppressive role for KRT17. We also show that metastases disseminated via multidirectional tissue routes and complex seeding topologies. Overall, we demonstrate the power of tracing cancer progression at subclonal resolution and vast scale. (Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Quinn, J. J., Jones, M. G., Okimoto, R. A., Nanjo, S., Chan, M. M., Yosef, N., Bivona, T. G., Weissman, J. S. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news
Plant evolution driven by interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes
During 450 million years of diversification on land, plants and microbes have evolved together. This is reflected in today’s continuum of associations, ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Through phylogenetics, cell biology, and reverse genetics extending beyond flowering plants into bryophytes, scientists have started to unravel the genetic basis and evolutionary trajectories of plant-microbe associations. Protection against pathogens and support of beneficial, symbiotic, microorganisms are sustained by a blend of conserved and clade-specific plant mechanisms evolving at different speeds. We propose that symbiosis...
Source: ScienceNOW - February 18, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Delaux, P.-M., Schornack, S. Tags: Botany, Evolution, Online Only review Source Type: news
Cholangiocyte organoids can repair bile ducts after transplantation in the human liver
Organoid technology holds great promise for regenerative medicine but has not yet been applied to humans. We address this challenge using cholangiocyte organoids in the context of cholangiopathies, which represent a key reason for liver transplantation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that primary human cholangiocytes display transcriptional diversity that is lost in organoid culture. However, cholangiocyte organoids remain plastic and resume their in vivo signatures when transplanted back in the biliary tree. We then utilize a model of cell engraftment in human livers undergoing ex vivo normothermic perfusion to...
Source: ScienceNOW - February 18, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Sampaziotis, F., Muraro, D., Tysoe, O. C., Sawiak, S., Beach, T. E., Godfrey, E. M., Upponi, S. S., Brevini, T., Wesley, B. T., Garcia-Bernardo, J., Mahbubani, K., Canu, G., Gieseck, R., Berntsen, N. L., Mulcahy, V. L., Crick, K., Fear, C., Robinson, S., Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases reports Source Type: news
Organoids regenerate human bile ducts
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 18, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Kelly, P. N. Tags: Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases twis Source Type: news
Tissue regeneration: Reserve or reverse?
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 18, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Shivdasani, R. A., Clevers, H., de Sauvage, F. J. Tags: Cell Biology perspective Source Type: news
Automated Dual Stain Cytology in Cervical Cancer Screening Automated Dual Stain Cytology in Cervical Cancer Screening
Automating the scanning and evaluation of dual stain slides can help improve the efficiency of cervical cancer screening, but how accurate is it?Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 16, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pathology & Lab Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news
John Bishop obituary
My friend and colleague John Bishop, who has died aged 85, was a pioneer of molecular cell biology whose career bridged a remarkable era in life sciences – from genes to genetic engineering.Born in Edinburgh, to Mary (nee Oliver) and Robert Bishop, John was raised in the nearby town of Bo ’ness, where his father was a shopkeeper. He won a scholarship to attend George Heriot’s school in Edinburgh, and then studied genetics at Edinburgh University (BSc with first-class honours, 1957), and took a PhD in the same department. In 1959 he married Jill Spowart, a fellow student.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 12, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Richard Lathe Tags: Biochemistry and molecular biology Genetics Science Source Type: news
Regulating multiple body clocks
(Source: ScienceNOW)
Source: ScienceNOW - February 11, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Alderton, G. Tags: Cell Biology, Engineering, Medicine, Diseases twis Source Type: news
Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis
Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time, which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental cycles. In complex organisms, clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide system. Recent advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across tissues. Circadian misalignment, often imposed in modern society, disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Thus, uncovering the physiolog...
Source: ScienceNOW - February 11, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Koronowski, K. B., Sassone-Corsi, P. Tags: Cell Biology, Engineering, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only review Source Type: news
