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Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure
Health Phys. 2024 May 1;126(5):296-308. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001816.ABSTRACTIt is now well accepted that the mechanisms induced by low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation (LDR) are different from those occurring after high-dose exposures. However, the downstream effects of these mechanisms are unclear as are the quantitative relationships between exposure, effect, harm, and risk. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanisms known to be important with an overall emphasis on how so-called "non-targeted effects" (NTE) communicate and coordinate responses to LDR. Targeted deposition of ionizing radiation energy in cells...
Source: Health Physics - March 25, 2024 Category: Physics Authors: Carmel Mothersill Colin Seymour Alan Cocchetto David Williams Source Type: research

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Pediatric Uveitis in Delta Region, Egypt
CONCLUSION: Anterior uveitis was the most frequent presentation in our pediatric cohort. Despite the challenges, the majority of children with uveitis exhibited no significant visual impairment, with most causes of visual loss being reversible.PMID:38527189 | DOI:10.1080/09273948.2024.2328789 (Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation)
Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation - March 25, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nagwa Hussein Abdelmageed Anas Adi Samy Abo El-Khair Maha Shahin Doaa Mosad Mosa Dalia Sabry Amgad El Nokrashy Source Type: research

Improving Calculations of Electron Eye-lens Operational Dose Coefficients Using the Monte Carlo Codes PENELOPE and MCNP6.2
In this study, electron operational eye-lens dose coefficients were calculated using MCNP6.2 in its default settings and by invoking the single-event feature. The results were compared to those from PENELOPE, a well-known code for its enhanced accuracy in handling low-energy electron transport. The results are in agreement for the entire energy range for these two series of simulations, but differences are found with previously published dose coefficients in the literature. This impacts the calibration of dosimeters for electrons and may require a change in the commonly accepted dose coefficients.PMID:38526252 | DOI:10.109...
Source: Health Physics - March 25, 2024 Category: Physics Authors: Jacques Dubeau Jiansheng Sun Salah Djeffal Fawaz Ali Source Type: research

Dr. Google vs. Dr. ChatGPT: Exploring the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology by Comparing the Accuracy, Safety, and Readability of Responses to Frequently Asked Patient Questions Regarding Cataracts and Cataract Surgery
CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the responses to patients' cataract FAQs provided by ChatGPT and Google, practicing ophthalmologists overwhelming preferred ChatGPT responses. LLM chatbot responses were less likely to contain inaccurate information. ChatGPT represents a viable information source for eye health for patients with higher health literacy. ChatGPT may also be used by ophthalmologists to create customizable patient education materials for patients with varying health literacy.PMID:38516983 | DOI:10.1080/08820538.2024.2326058 (Source: Seminars in Ophthalmology)
Source: Seminars in Ophthalmology - March 22, 2024 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Samuel A Cohen Arthur Brant Ann Caroline Fisher Suzann Pershing Diana Do Carolyn Pan Source Type: research

First in-human clinical performance of a novel non-cavitating hand-held lensectomy system in 665 consecutive cataract surgeries
CONCLUSION: The miCOR handheld non-cavitating lensectomy system demonstrated nuclear fragmentation and extraction in the absence of intraocular cavitation across all grades of nuclear densities.PMID:38517982 | DOI:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001446 (Source: Hand Surgery)
Source: Hand Surgery - March 22, 2024 Category: Surgery Authors: Sean Ianchulev Elizabeth Yeu Edward H Hu Paul Singh Gautam Kamthan Gavin Li Seth Pantanelli Farrell Tyson Source Type: research

Association of autoimmune and allergic diseases with senile cataract: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionsThe results of the MR analysis showed that there were causal relationships between type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, allergic rhinitis and senile cataract. To clarify the possible role of autoimmune and allergy in the pathophysiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Expanding the spectrum of LAM β2: Pierson Syndrome associated with neuromuscular junction disorder in two patients.
Muscle weakness and fatigability are common symptoms of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), a group of genetic disorders that often manifests at or near birth or in early childhood. Pierson syndrome (PS) is a rare genetic condition that affects the kidneys and eyes. Renal involvement with tubulopathy is usually diagnosed at the age of 2 –4 years presented as nephrotic syndrome. Patients can still develop chronic renal failure [1–2]. The most characteristic ocular anomaly is microcoria [3]. The triad that represents ophthalmological complication includes ptosis, retinitis pigmentosa and cataract. (Source: Neuromuscular Disorders)
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - March 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Freddy Paiz, Issa Alaweh, Elisa Nigro, Hernan D. Gonorazky Tags: Case report Source Type: research

Comparison Between Moxifloxacin and Chloramphenicol for the Treatment of Bacterial Eye Infections
CONCLUSIONS: The lower corneal cell toxicity and the broader spectrum of antibacterial activity observed with moxifloxacin suggests its use in ophthalmic solution for the treatment of bacterial eye infections.PMID:38511104 | PMC:PMC10950741 | DOI:10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100740 (Source: Cell Research)
Source: Cell Research - March 21, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Valentina Gentili Giovanni Strazzabosco Rossella Spena Sabrina Rizzo Silvia Beltrami Giovanna Schiuma Andrea Alogna Roberta Rizzo Source Type: research

T1D and T2D predispose to higher Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates following cataract surgery: analysis of 53,471 consecutive cases
CONCLUSION: In our large cohort study, patients with T1D and T2D were predisposed to high risk for Nd:YAG capsulotomy following cataract surgery. This study may be beneficial and raise awareness regarding the assessment of posterior capsular opacification development in pseudophakic diabetic patients, particularly those with T1D. The significance of ophthalmology screening for diabetes individuals is further supported by this issue.PMID:38513717 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.02.014 (Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology - March 21, 2024 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mariana Cunha Omar Elhaddad Tal Yahalomi Venkata Avadhanam Derek Tole Kieran Darcy Eliya Levinger Raimo Tuuminen Asaf Achiron Source Type: research