Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy.

Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2020 Jan 27;: Authors: Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM Abstract Bile acid synthesis is the most significant pathway for catabolism of cholesterol and for maintaining whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids are physiological detergents that absorb, distribute, metabolize and excrete nutrients, drugs and xenobiotics. Bile acids also are signal molecules and metabolic integrators that activate nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5, aka G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1) to regulate glucose, lipid and energy metabolism. The gut-to-liver axis plays a critical role in the transformation of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids and in the regulation of bile acid synthesis to maintain composition within the bile acid pool and metabolic homeostasis to prevent hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. High fat and high calorie diets, dysbiosis, alcohol, drugs and disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms cause metabolic diseases including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Bile acid-based drugs targeting bile acid receptors are being developed for the treatment of metabolic diseases of the liver. PMID: 31984784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research