Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the recent Mpox outbreak
Vaccine. 2024 Feb 3:S0264-410X(24)00125-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.086. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Mpox (formerly named Monkeypox) virus is the etiological cause of a recent multi-country outbreak, with thousands of distinct cases detected outside the endemic areas of Africa as of December 2023. In this article, we analyze the sequences of full genomes of Mpox virus from Europe and compare them with all available Mpox sequences of historical relevance, annotated by year and geographic origin, as well as related Cowpox and Variola (smallpox) virus sequences. Our results show that the recent outbreak is most li...
Source: Vaccine - February 4, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Federico M Giorgi Daniele Pozzobon Antonio Di Meglio Daniele Mercatelli Source Type: research
Live attenuated smallpox vaccine candidate (KVAC103) efficiently induces protective immune responses in mice
This study evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses to various doses, frequencies, and routes of administration of the KVAC103 strain, compared to CJ-50300 vaccine, and its protective ability against the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV-WR) strain was evaluated. The binding and neutralizing-antibody titers increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the second inoculation, which increased the neutralizing-antibody titer compared to those after the single injection. In contrast, the T-cell immune response (interferon-gamma positive cells) increased after the second inoculation compared to that of C...
Source: Vaccine - February 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yun-Ho Hwang Yeji Byeon Sung Hyun Ahn Mi-Young Kim Sung-Hyun Byun Hyoung Jin Lee Bohyun Suh Dokeun Kim Eun Ju Jung You-Jin Kim Source Type: research
Tracing the journey of poxviruses: insights from history
AbstractThe historical significance of the poxviruses is profound, largely due to the enduring impact left by smallpox virus across many centuries. The elimination of smallpox is a remarkable accomplishment in the history of science and medicine, with centuries of devoted efforts resulting in the development and widespread administration of smallpox vaccines. This review provides insight into the pivotal historical events involving medically significant poxviruses. Understanding the remarkable saga of combatting smallpox is crucial, serving as a guidepost for potential future encounters with poxvirus infections. There is a...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 27, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Monkeypox: Can we count on the current smallpox immunization?
Virology. 2024 Jan 14;592:109994. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109994. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo vaccines ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS have obtained approval from the Food and Drug Administration as preventive measures against monkeypox, contributing significantly to the management of the monkeypox epidemic. Nonetheless, research has demonstrated that smallpox vaccination offers approximately 88.8% protection against monkeypox, while immunization with these vaccines generates relatively low levels of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we performed a comprehensive comparison of antigens between the 2022-2023 monkeypox str...
Source: Virology - January 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fengwei Zhang Zili Chai Xia Wang Zehan Zhang Zilong Yang Wenting Liu Hongguang Ren Yuan Jin Junjie Yue Source Type: research
Residual Immunity from Smallpox Vaccination and Possible Protection from Mpox, China
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Feb;30(2):321-324. doi: 10.3201/eid3002.230542.ABSTRACTAmong persons born in China before 1980 and tested for vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVT), 28.7% (137/478) had neutralizing antibodies, 71.4% (25/35) had memory B-cell responses, and 65.7% (23/35) had memory T-cell responses to VVT. Because of cross-immunity between the viruses, these findings can help guide mpox vaccination strategies in China.PMID:38270156 | PMC:PMC10826747 | DOI:10.3201/eid3002.230542 (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - January 25, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yu Huang Li Guo Yanan Li Lili Ren Jiqin Nie Fengwen Xu Tingxuan Huang Jingchuan Zhong Zhangling Fan Yin Zhang Yu Xie Qiao Zhang Shan Mei Yan Xiao Xinming Wang Liuhui Xu Fei Guo Jianwei Wang Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: Am J Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
Monkeypox: An outbreak of a rare viral disease
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023 Dec 28:S1684-1182(23)00238-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease rarely found outside Africa. Monkeypox can be spread from person to person through close contact with an infected person, and the rate of transmission is not very high. In addition, monkeypox and variola virus are both pox viruses, and the spread of monkeypox virus was also controlled to some extent by the smallpox campaign, so monkeypox was not widely paid attention to. However, as smallpox vaccination is phased out in various countries or regions, people's res...
Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection - January 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ying-Hua Luo Tong Zhang Jing-Long Cao Wen-Shuang Hou An-Qi Wang Cheng-Hao Jin Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: Am J Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
Monkeypox: An outbreak of a rare viral disease
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023 Dec 28:S1684-1182(23)00238-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease rarely found outside Africa. Monkeypox can be spread from person to person through close contact with an infected person, and the rate of transmission is not very high. In addition, monkeypox and variola virus are both pox viruses, and the spread of monkeypox virus was also controlled to some extent by the smallpox campaign, so monkeypox was not widely paid attention to. However, as smallpox vaccination is phased out in various countries or regions, people's res...
Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection - January 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ying-Hua Luo Tong Zhang Jing-Long Cao Wen-Shuang Hou An-Qi Wang Cheng-Hao Jin Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: Am J Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
Monkeypox: An outbreak of a rare viral disease
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023 Dec 28:S1684-1182(23)00238-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMonkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease rarely found outside Africa. Monkeypox can be spread from person to person through close contact with an infected person, and the rate of transmission is not very high. In addition, monkeypox and variola virus are both pox viruses, and the spread of monkeypox virus was also controlled to some extent by the smallpox campaign, so monkeypox was not widely paid attention to. However, as smallpox vaccination is phased out in various countries or regions, people's res...
Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection - January 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ying-Hua Luo Tong Zhang Jing-Long Cao Wen-Shuang Hou An-Qi Wang Cheng-Hao Jin Source Type: research
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism
This article puts the relationship between vaccines and concepts like "nature" and "natural" in historical perspective. In the mid- to late 19th century, the smallpox vaccine, then the only vaccine available, was propagated on farms. Vaccine farmers-usually enterprising physicians-kept herds of cattle infected with cowpox, cultivating the virus "stock" from which the vaccine was derived. By exploring how vaccine farmers established and maintained public confidence in their products, we can see that debates over vaccine safety have always involved concerted efforts to persuade the public to place their trust in technologies...
Source: American Journal of Public Health - January 4, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Tess Lanzarotta Source Type: research
