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Total 4990 results found since Jan 2013.

Stroke and the neurovascular unit: glial cells, sex differences and hypertension.
Abstract A functional neurovascular unit (NVU) is central to meeting the brain's dynamic metabolic needs. Post-stroke damage to the NVU within the ipsilateral hemisphere ranges from cell dysfunction to complete cell loss. Thus, understanding post-stroke cell-cell communication within the NVU is of critical importance. Loss of coordinated NVU function exacerbates ischemic injury. However, particular cells of the NVU (e.g., astrocytes) and those with ancillary roles (e.g., microglia) also contribute to repair mechanisms. Epidemiological studies support the notion that infarct size and recovery outcomes are heterogen...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 2, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Morrison HW, Filosa JA Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Pharmacological interventions and rehabilitation approach for enhancing brain self-repair and stroke recovery.
Abstract Neuroplasticity is a natural process occurring in the brain for entire life. Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability and huge medical and financial problem throughout the world. Research conducted over the past decade focused mainly on neuroprotection in the acute phase of stroke while very little studies targets chronic stage. Recovery after stroke depends on the ability of our brain to reestablish structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks. Combining adjuvant therapies and drugs may enhance the repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. Currently, there are ...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - July 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Szelenberger R, Kostka J, Saluk-Bijak J, Miller E Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

GSE138805 Transcriptomic changes of mouse monocytes and macrophages after ischemic stroke
Contributors : Yejie Shi ; Jun ChenSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Mus musculusBlood monocytes/macrophages infiltrate the brain after ischemic stroke and critically influence brain injury and regeneration. We investigated stroke-induced transcriptomic changes of monocytes/macrophages by RNA sequencing profiling, using a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Compared to non-ischemic conditions, brain ischemia induced only moderate genomic changes in blood monocytes, but triggered robust genomic reprogramming in monocytes/macrophages invading the brain. Surprisingly, fun...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - November 7, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

Inflammatory Responses in the Secondary Thalamic Injury After Cortical Ischemic Stroke
Stroke is one of the major causes of chronic disability worldwide and increasing efforts have focused on studying brain repair and recovery after stroke. Following stroke, the primary injury site can disrupt functional connections in nearby and remotely connected brain regions, resulting in the development of secondary injuries that may impede long-term functional recovery. In particular, secondary degenerative injury occurs in the connected ipsilesional thalamus following a cortical stroke. Although secondary thalamic injury was first described decades ago, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. We performed a sy...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ultrasound controlled anti-inflammatory polarization of platelet decorated microglia for targeted ischemic stroke therapy.
Abstract Stroke is a neurological disease with poor prognosis. Strong inflammatory and immune response exist after stroke, resulting in severe sequelae with high mortality. Microglia, the main immune cell in cerebrum, possess therapeutic potential for stroke as its specific anti-inflammatory phenotype can reduce inflammation and promote neuron regeneration. However, the on-demand anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia at stroke site is uncontrollable for therapeutic application. Here, we develop a platelet hybrid microglia platform which can specifically polarize to anti-inflammatory phenotype by ultrasound i...
Source: Angewandte Chemie - December 1, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Li J, Li Y, Teng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Sun H Tags: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Source Type: research

Environmental enrichment implies GAT-1 as a potential therapeutic target for stroke recovery
Conclusion: GAT-1 is a key molecular substrate of the effects of EE on network excitability and consequent stroke recovery and can serve as a novel therapeutic target for stroke treatment during the repair phase.
Source: Theranostics - April 19, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yuhui Lin, Mengcheng Yao, Haiyin Wu, Feng Wu, Shiying Cao, Huanyu Ni, Jian Dong, Di Yang, Yanyu Sun, Xiaolin Kou, Jun Li, Hui Xiao, Lei Chang, Jin Wu, Yan Liu, Chunxia Luo, Dongya Zhu Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Association of carotid ultrasonography with perioperative stroke after thoracic aortic aneurysm treatment: a retrospective study
ConclusionsLower EDV and higher RI of bilateral CCAs were significantly associated with perioperative stroke after TAA treatment. Thus, CUS findings may help predict the occurrence of perioperative stroke.
Source: Journal of Medical Ultrasonics - April 21, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Immune Cells in the BBB Disruption After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Targets for Immune Therapy?
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), resulting in devastating malignant brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. The rapid activation of immune cells plays a critical role in BBB disruption after ischemic stroke. Infiltrating blood-borne immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes) increase BBB permeability, as they cause microvascular disorder and secrete inflammation-associated molecules. In contrast, they promote BBB repair and angiogenesis in the latter phase of ischemic stroke. The profound immunological effects of cerebral immun...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 23, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The dual function of microglial polarization and its treatment targets in ischemic stroke
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with ischemic stroke occurring in ~5% of the global population every year. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the inflammatory response after stroke. Microglial/macrophage polarization has a dual function and is critical to the pathology of ischemic stroke. Microglial/macrophage activation is important in reducing neuronal apoptosis, enhancing neurogenesis, and promoting functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we investigate the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the brain, the activation and phenotypic pol...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

EXERTION: a pilot trial on the effect of aerobic, smartwatch-controlled exercise on stroke recovery: effects on motor function, structural repair, cognition, mental well-being, and the immune system
This study investigates the effect of smartwatch-controlled aerobic exercise on functional recovery, cognition, emotional well-being, the immune system, and neuronal network reorganization in stroke patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT Number: NCT05690165. First posted19 January 2023. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05690165.PMID:37170385 | DOI:10.1186/s42466-023-00244-w
Source: Cell Research - May 11, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Frederike A Straeten Stephanie van Zyl Bastian Maus Jochen Bauer Heiner Raum Catharina C Gross Sabine Bruchmann Nils C Landmeyer Cornelius Faber Jens Minnerup Antje Schmidt-Pogoda Source Type: research

The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Transporters in Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Stroke.
Abstract Cerebral ischemia is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. In cerebral ischemic stroke, occlusion of a major cerebral artery by an embolus or local thrombosis can result in transient or permanent reduction of cerebral blood flow to a portion of the brain, resulting in deprivation of glucose and oxygen. Since the brain relies on a continuous supply of nutrients and ions via mostly carrier mediated processes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), any irregularity in these transport mechanisms dramatically affects neuronal function and outcome after acute and chronic stroke. Despite numerous encour...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - June 19, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shah K, Abbruscato T Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Blocked angiogenesis in Galectin-3 null mice does not alter cellular and behavioral recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke.
Abstract Angiogenesis is thought to decrease stroke size and improve behavioral outcomes and therefore several clinical trials are seeking to augment it. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression increases after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and has been proposed to limit damage 3days after stroke. We carried out mild MCAO that damages the striatum but spares the cerebral cortex and SVZ. Gal-3 gene deletion prevented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation after MCAO. This inhibited post-MCAO increases in endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis in the striatum allowing us to uniquely address the fu...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - November 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Young CC, Al-Dalahmah O, Lewis NJ, Brooks KJ, Jenkins MM, Poirier F, Buchan AM, Szele FG Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Microvascular Plasticity After Experimental Stroke: A Molecular and MRI Study
Conclusions: Microvasculature MRI can provide imaging of different states of functional (perfused) microvessels after stroke. These results highlight that multiparametric MRI is useful to assess post-stroke angiogenesis, and could be used as a biomarker notably for neurorestorative therapy studies. Additionally, we identified that endogenous vessel maturation and stabilization occur during the ‘subacute stage'. Thus, pro-angiogenic treatments, such as cell-based therapy, would be relevant during this subacute phase of stroke.Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;38:344-353
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 21, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Predicting the Performance of Motor Imagery in Stroke Patients: Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Functional MRI Data
Conclusions. These findings suggest functional roles of the motor cortical areas for compliance with motor imagery in stroke, which can be applied to the implementation of motor imagery–based brain–computer interface for stroke rehabilitation.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - January 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Park, C.-h., Chang, W. H., Lee, M., Kwon, G. H., Kim, L., Kim, S. T., Kim, Y.-H. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Relationship Between Visuospatial Neglect and Kinesthetic Deficits After Stroke
Conclusions. The presence of visuospatial neglect after stroke is highly predictive of the presence of kinesthetic deficits. However, the presence of kinesthetic deficits does not necessarily always indicate the presence of visuospatial neglect. Our findings highlight the importance of assessment and treatment of kinesthetic deficits after stroke, especially in patients with visuospatial neglect.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - March 25, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Semrau, J. A., Wang, J. C., Herter, T. M., Scott, S. H., Dukelow, S. P. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research