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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.

Forced use of paretic leg induced by constraining the non-paretic leg leads to motor learning in individuals post-stroke.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether applying repetitive constraint forces to the non-paretic leg during walking would induce motor learning of enhanced use of the paretic leg in individuals post-stroke. Sixteen individuals post chronic (> 6 months) stroke were recruited in this study. Each subject was tested in two conditions, i.e., applying a constraint force to the non-paretic leg during treadmill walking and treadmill walking only. For the constraint condition, subjects walked on a treadmill with no force for 1 min (baseline), with force for 7 min (adaptation), and then without f...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 11, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wu M, Hsu CJ, Kim J Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

A single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the affected primary motor cortex does not alter gait parameters in chronic stroke survivors
ConclusionA single session of a-tDCS delivered to the leg motor cortex did not immediately improve gait parameters in individuals with chronic stroke, regardless of their BDNF genotype.
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - July 31, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Protective Role of Levetiracetam Against Cognitive Impairment And Brain White Matter Damage in Mouse prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Publication date: Available online 11 July 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Toshiki Inaba, Nobukazu Miyamoto, Kenichiro Hira, Yuji Ueno, Kazuo Yamashiro, Masao Watanabe, Yoshiaki Shimada, Nobutaka Hattori, Takao UrabeAbstractWhite matter lesions due to cerebral hypoperfusion may be an important pathophysiology in vascular dementia and stroke, although the inherent mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study, using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, examined the white matter protective effects of levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant, via the signaling cascade from the activation of cAMP-responsiv...
Source: Neuroscience - July 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults.
Abstract The ability to acquire and retain novel motor skills is preserved with advancing age. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying skill acquisition in older adults have received little systematic investigation. The aim of the present study was to assess the modulation of primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition after skill acquisition in young and older adults. Sixteen young and sixteen older adults trained on a sequential visual isometric wrist extension task. Anodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation was applied during training in a pseudorandomized crossover design. Skill...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mooney RA, Cirillo J, Byblow WD Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Early History of Amnesia.
Authors: Langer KG Abstract Memory and forgetfulness have been viewed since antiquity from perspectives of physical, emotional, and spiritual states of well-being, and conceptualized philosophically. Numerous discussions of memory loss, or case reports, existed, but a fundamental advance in conceptualization of memory loss as a pathological clinical phenomenon originated when Sauvages classified "amnesia" as a medical disorder, in 1763. Originally, amnesia was recognized as a weakening or dissolution of memory, according to a taxonomy that ascribed known causes to the disorder. Etiologic factors included neurologic...
Source: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience - June 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Front Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research

An RFID-based activity tracking system to monitor individual rodent behavior in environmental enrichment: Implications for post-stroke cognitive recovery
ConclusionThis study represents an attempt to better align preclinical and clinical implementations of EE and facilitate the uptake of this intervention in the clinical setting.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - May 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Pharmacological Enhancement of Stroke Recovery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to discuss the recent literature relating to drugs for stroke recovery and to identify some of the challenges in conducting translational research for stroke recovery.Recent FindingsAdvances in our understanding of neural repair mechanisms in pre-clinical stroke models have provided insights into potential targets for drugs that enhance the repair/recovery process. Few drugs that act on serotonergic and dopaminergic systems have been tested in humans with mixed results. The FOCUS trial, a phase III study of early administration of fluoxetine for stroke recovery, failed to replicate...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cerebral microbleed detection using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and deep learning
This study demonstrates the potential of applying deep learning techniques to medical imaging for improving efficiency and accuracy in diagnosis.Graphical abstract
Source: NeuroImage - May 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Conclusion tES may prove valuable for modulating applied task performance, though research in this area warrants careful consideration of several individual-, context-, and task-related factors that may predict the robustness and directionality of tES effects. Whereas most applied research with tES has administered tDCS, tACS and tRNS have also shown potential to modulate cortical activity and behavior. Even in highly applied and dynamic tasks, such as navigation and driving, tES appears to carry some performance benefits. This is compelling because as tES is slowly incorporated into highly complex real-world environments...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Influence of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motor Training on Corticospinal Excitability in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Conclusion This proof-of-principle study evaluated the influence of cathodal contralesional tDCS on corticospinal excitability in pediatric participants with UCP. A hypothesized decrease in contralesional excitability was noted in participants in the Active+CIMT group, however, the efficacy of tDCS to modulate corticospinal excitability was not statistically different than the Sham+CIMT group. A more detailed understanding of how tDCS impacts M1 neurophysiology will be essential to inform future clinical trials on the optimal dosing parameters, based on individual brain circuitry, to explore the potential functional benef...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Analysis of Intermanual Transfer in Motor Learning
In this study, MEPs were induced during the subject’s imaged kinesthetic MI. This involves recalling muscle contraction based on a muscle sensory image and was reported to indicate the activity of brain regions similar to those involved in actual muscle contraction (Ruby and Decety, 2001). In the transfer training group, the muscle sensory image evaluation correlated to the actual task execution with the right hand. As a result, it was easy to recall the kinesthetic MI for the training task, thus affecting MI of the non-trained limbs so that MEP changes occurred in the left hand’s MI. In addition, brain exc...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sensory Re-weighting for Postural Control in Parkinson ’s Disease
In this study, we focused primarily on the change of sensory weighting parameters when sensory conditions change. We also tested the additional hypothesis that levodopa medication would improve sensory weighting for postural control. Materials and Methods Subjects The Institutional Review Board at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) approved the protocol for this experiment, and all subjects gave informed consent prior to participating. Eight subjects with PD (three female) and eight healthy, age-matched controls (two female) were recruited from the Balance Disorders Laboratory database and the Parkinson’...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Morphological and Whole-Word Semantic Processing Are Distinct: Event Related Potentials Evidence From Spoken Word Recognition in Chinese
In conclusion, the present study provides electrophysiological evidence of the dissociation of morphological and whole-word semantic processing in Chinese spoken word processing. The results identified a central-anterior morphological N400 effect when morphemic meaning conflicts with whole-word semantics, in addition to a classic semantic N400 effect with significantly reduced amplitude in central-parietal areas. Our results also showed that the morphological N400 effect is negatively correlated with reading ability. These results demonstrate the important role of morphological processing in Chinese spoken word recognition...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research