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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.

Behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis
Skilled actions of daily life such as reaching across a busy table to pick a coffee mug are often performed with accurate, yet fast and efficient arm movements. Such complex skilled actions require optimization of speed and accuracy; and rely on efficient planning and execution (Begliomini et al., 2014; Fang et al., 2015; Orban de Xivry et al., 2017; Stewart et al., 2013). Following a neurological insult such as stroke, skilled arm movements are greatly impaired in the paretic (weaker) arm such that task performance is slow, inaccurate and fragmented (Cirstea et al., 2003; Levin, 1996; Liu et al., 2013; Shaikh et al., 2014...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shailesh Kantak, Robert McGrath, Nazaneen Zahedi, Dustin Luchmee Source Type: research

P 68 Novel control concepts and motor re-learning strategy in neurorehabilitation – practically-oriented approach
Persons suffering from functional impairment, due to cerebral palsy, stroke, or Parkinson ’s, often have not reached their full potential for recovery which often is a reason for injures and loss of life due to fall. Motor skill learning and retention of motor skills can be enhanced if a patient assumes control over practice conditions, e.g. timing of exercise instructions and feedback . In our study, we follow a novel conceptual framework (Despotova and Kiriazov, 2015) for optimal control learning of goal-directed motion tasks, like reaching, standing up and walking.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Despotova, P. Kiriazov Tags: Poster Source Type: research

An analysis of Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks for gesture recognition
Publication date: 13 December 2017 Source:Neurocomputing, Volume 268 Author(s): Eleni Tsironi, Pablo Barros, Cornelius Weber, Stefan Wermter In this research, we analyze a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (CNNLSTM) in the context of gesture recognition. CNNLSTMs are able to successfully learn gestures of varying duration and complexity. For this reason, we analyze the architecture by presenting a qualitative evaluation of the model, based on the visualization of the internal representations of the convolutional layers and on the examination of the temporal classification outputs at a frame lev...
Source: Neurocomputing - September 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

On the Adaptation of Pelvic Motion by Applying 3-dimensional Guidance Forces Using TPAD
Pelvic movement is important to human locomotion as the center of mass is located near the center of pelvis. Lateral pelvic motion plays a crucial role to shift the center of mass on the stance leg, while swinging the other leg and keeping the body balanced. In addition, vertical pelvic movement helps to reduce metabolic energy expenditure by exchanging potential and kinetic energy during the gait cycle. However, patient groups with cerebral palsy or stroke have excessive pelvic motion that leads to high energy expenditure. In addition, they have higher chances of falls as the center ofmass could deviate outside the base o...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - September 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of Dimeric PSD-95 Inhibition on Excitotoxic Cell Death and Outcome After Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats.
The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of a dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, UCCB01-144, on excitotoxic cell death in vitro and outcome after experimental TBI in rats in vivo. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCCB01-144 were investigated in order to assess uptake of the drug into the central nervous system of rats. After a controlled cortical impact rats were randomized to receive a single injection of either saline or two different doses of UCCB01-144 (10 or 20 mg/kg IV) immediately after injury. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in a water maze at 2 weeks post-trauma, and at 4Â...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sommer JB, Bach A, Malá H, Gynther M, Bjerre AS, Gram MG, Marschner L, Strømgaard K, Mogensen J, Pickering DS Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effect of Visual Art School–Based Stroke Intervention for Middle School Students
ABSTRACT: Background: Community stroke awareness initiatives have traditionally been used to expand knowledge of stroke signs and risk factors to high-risk adult populations. Here, we use a novel unfettered, visual art–based approach for an elementary school initiative to raise stroke awareness. Methods: Seventh graders in a middle school art class received stroke awareness training during the course of the 2015 to 2016 school year through their teacher in the visual arts class. In turn, they used this training to develop their own artistic interpretations of key stroke awareness concepts via project-based learning and t...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - June 30, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Article Source Type: research

Persistently Altered Metabolic Phenotype following Perinatal Excitotoxic Brain Injury
This study demonstrates that metabolic profiling is a useful approach to identify acute and tertiary effects in an excitotoxic lesion model, and generating a short list of targets with future potential in the hunt for identification, stratification, and possibly therapy.Dev Neurosci
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 11, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

EEG-Based Strategies to Detect Motor Imagery for Control and Rehabilitation
Advances in brain–computer interface (BCI) technology have facilitated the detection of Motor Imagery (MI) from electroencephalography (EEG). First, we present three strategies of using BCI to detect MI from EEG: operant conditioning that employed a fixed model, machine learning that employed a subject-specific model computed from calibration, and adaptive strategy that continuously compute the subject-specific model. Second, we review prevailing works that employed the operant conditioning and machine learning strategies. Third, we present our past work on six stroke patients who underwent a BCI rehabilitation clin...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - April 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning and upper limb function after stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and many people are left with impairments and are dependent on others for activities of daily living (Dobkin, 2005; DOH, 2007; Veerbeek et al., 2011). Strategies to improve plasticity and enhance motor learning are needed. One potential approach is to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance the effect of physical therapy.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 30, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Melanie K Fleming, John C Rothwell, Laszlo Sztriha, James T Teo, Di J Newham Source Type: research

The Posterior Fossa and Foreign Accent Syndrome: Report of Two New Cases and Review of the Literature.
Abstract Foreign accent syndrome is a rare motor speech disorder that causes patients to speak their language with a non-native accent. In the neurogenic condition, the disorder develops after lesions in the language dominant hemisphere, often affecting Broca's area, the insula, the supplementary motor area and the primary motor cortex. Here, we present two new cases of FAS after posterior fossa lesions. The first case is a 44-year-old, right-handed, Dutch-speaking man who suffered motor speech disturbances and a left hemiplegia after a pontine infarction. Quantified SPECT showed a bilateral hypoperfusion in the i...
Source: Cerebellum - March 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Keulen S, Mariën P, van Dun K, Bastiaanse R, Manto M, Verhoeven J Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

CNS Summit 2016 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: Subjects with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia who were eligible for discharge from the inpatient setting and who completed the study demonstrated high rates of adherence using the mobile AI application. Subjects were able to easily use the technology. Use of the platform did not appear to increase the dropout rate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using AI platforms to ensure high adherence, provide reliable adherence data, and rapidly detect nonadherence in CNS trials. Disclosures/funding: Adam Hanina and Laura Shafner are employees of AiCure, New York, New York, and consultants to Takeda. Xinxin D...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Devices Drug Development Evaluations Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Proceedings Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Scales Supplements Technology Trial M Source Type: research

Downregulation of Iduna is associated with AIF nuclear translocation in neonatal brain after hypoxia –ischemia
Publication date: 27 March 2017 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 346 Author(s): Xiaoxia Yang, Jianhua Cheng, Yubo Gao, Juan Ding, Xinli Ni In adult stroke models, the neuroprotective protein, Iduna, inhibits poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent cell death by decreasing apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation. Because the PARP1-dependent pathway and Iduna, which promotes AIF degradation, contribute to hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain damage in the immature brain, we examined the relationship between Iduna expression and AIF nuclear translocation in the cerebral cortex of postnatal day 7 rats after HI. Ni...
Source: Neuroscience - January 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A machine learning approach to measure and monitor physical activity in children
Publication date: 8 March 2017 Source:Neurocomputing, Volume 228 Author(s): Paul Fergus, Abir J. Hussain, John Hearty, Stuart Fairclough, Lynne Boddy, Kelly Mackintosh, Gareth Stratton, Nicky Ridgers, Dhiya Al-Jumeily, Ahmed J. Aljaaf, Jenet Lunn The growing trend of obesity and overweight worldwide has reached epidemic proportions with one third of the global population now considered obese. This is having a significant medical impact on children and adults who are at risk of developing osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancers, respiratory problems, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease...
Source: Neurocomputing - January 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Experiencing a reaching task passively with one arm while adapting to a visuomotor rotation with the other can lead to substantial transfer of motor learning across the arms
Publication date: 18 January 2017 Source:Neuroscience Letters, Volume 638 Author(s): Shancheng Bao, Yuming Lei, Jinsung Wang The extent of transfer following visuomotor adaptation across the arms is typically limited as compared to that within the same arm. However, we have demonstrated that interlimb transfer can occur nearly completely if one arm performs reaching movements associated with a desired trajectory repeatedly and actively during an initial training session in which the other arm adapts to a novel visuomotor adaptation. Based on that finding, we argued that the absence of instances associated with specific mo...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - December 16, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research