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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.

Thyroid Hormone Signaling: Contribution to Neural Function, Cognition, and Relationship to Nicotine
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2015 Source:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Author(s): Prescott T. Leach, Thomas J. Gould Cigarette smoking is common despite its adverse effects on health, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the addictive properties of nicotine makes it possible to target them to prevent the initiation of smoking behavior and/or increase the chance of successful quit attempts. While highly addictive, nicotine is not generally considered to be as reinforcing as other drugs of abuse. There are likely other mechanisms at wo...
Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews - September 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Features and models for human activity recognition
In this study, an Information Correlation Coefficient (ICC) analysis was carried out followed by a wrapper Feature Selection (FS) method on the reduced input space. Additionally, a novel HAR method is proposed for this specific problem of stroke early diagnosing, comprising an adaptation of the well-known Genetic Fuzzy Finite State Machine (GFFSM) method. To the best of the author׳s knowledge, this is the very first analysis of the feature space concerning all the previously published feature transformations on raw acceleration data. The main contributions of this study are the optimization of the sample rate, selection o...
Source: Neurocomputing - July 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Action observation with kinesthetic illusion can produce human motor plasticity
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - April 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ippei Nojima, Satoko Koganemaru, Toshio Kawamata, Hidenao Fukuyama, Tatsuya Mima Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Neuromechanical Principles Underlying Movement Modularity and Their Implications for Rehabilitation
Publication date: 8 April 2015 Source:Neuron, Volume 86, Issue 1 Author(s): Lena H. Ting , Hillel J. Chiel , Randy D. Trumbower , Jessica L. Allen , J. Lucas McKay , Madeleine E. Hackney , Trisha M. Kesar Neuromechanical principles define the properties and problems that shape neural solutions for movement. Although the theoretical and experimental evidence is debated, we present arguments for consistent structures in motor patterns, i.e., motor modules, that are neuromechanical solutions for movement particular to an individual and shaped by evolutionary, developmental, and learning processes. As a consequence, ...
Source: Neuron - April 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Positive effects of the traditional Chinese medicine MLC901 in cognitive tasks
MLC901 (NurAiDII) is used as a treatment for stroke patients. It has been shown that MLC901 improves motor and cognitive recovery in ischemic and traumatic brain‐injured rodents. The present study seeks to delineate cognitive effects induced by MLC901 in normal, noninjured mice. To this end, the behaviors of vehicle‐ and MLC901‐treated C57BL/6 mice in hippocampus‐dependent (passive avoidance, Morris water maze) and hippocampus‐independent (novel object recognition) cognitive tasks are compared. The potential influence of the compound on the anxiety level and nycthemeral rhythm of mice is also assessed. In additio...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - March 29, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: T. Lorivel, C. Gandin, J. Veyssière, M. Lazdunski, C. Heurteaux Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

An automated behavioral box to assess forelimb function in rats
Conclusions In summary, our automated behavioral box will allow high-throughput and efficient monitoring of rat forelimb function in both healthy and injured animals.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - March 11, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Oscillatory entrainment of the motor cortical network during motor imagery is modulated by the feedback modality
Publication date: 1 May 2015 Source:NeuroImage, Volume 111 Author(s): Mathias Vukelić , Alireza Gharabaghi Neurofeedback of self-regulated brain activity in circumscribed cortical regions is used as a novel strategy to facilitate functional restoration following stroke. Basic knowledge about its impact on motor system oscillations and functional connectivity is however scarce. Specifically, a direct comparison between different feedback modalities and their neural signatures is missing. We assessed a neurofeedback training intervention of modulating β-activity in circumscribed sensorimotor regions by kinesthetic motor ...
Source: NeuroImage - February 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

An active learning approach for stroke lesion segmentation on multimodal MRI data
We report encouraging results over a dataset combining functional, anatomical and diffusion data.
Source: Neurocomputing - November 21, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Registration of challenging pre-clinical brain images
Publication date: 30 May 2013 Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 216, Issue 1 Author(s): William R. Crum , Michel Modo , Anthony C. Vernon , Gareth J. Barker , Steven C.R. Williams The size and complexity of brain imaging studies in pre-clinical populations are increasing, and automated image analysis pipelines are urgently required. Pre-clinical populations can be subjected to controlled interventions (e.g., targeted lesions), which significantly change the appearance of the brain obtained by imaging. Existing systems for registration (the systematic alignment of scans into a consistent anatomical coordinate...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - November 8, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Understanding and Modulating Motor Learning with Cerebellar Stimulation.
Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are a powerful approach to investigate the physiology and function of the central nervous system. Recent years have seen numerous investigations delivering transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebellum to determine its role in motor, cognitive and emotional behaviours. Early studies have shown that it is possible to assess cerebellar-motor cortex (CB-M1) connectivity using a paired-pulse TMS paradigm called cerebellar inhibition (CBI), and indirectly infer the state of cerebellar excitability. Thus,...
Source: Cerebellum - October 5, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Celnik P Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

The Dance Between The Immune System and Stem Cells
We named it the  immunoLinkTM We have been testing a growing number of Clients with our Quantibody Arrays. Many of of these clients have Autoimmune Disorder Diseases. These range from Rheumatoid Arthritis to Multiple Sclerosis.These arrays are designed to precisely measure factors or markers (proteins) that are dysregulated by these diseases. We measure the levels of these biomarkers in our Clients' Blood serum. The arrays have also been used to measure the levels of markers in plasma and cell culture supernatants.Based on results, we are finding links between immune system and stem cell health. We call this the ...
Source: Neuromics - September 30, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Tags: autoimmune disease G-CSF GM-CSF Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells immune response immunoLink Neural Progenitor Cells Neural Stem Cell Markers Source Type: news

Timing of motor cortical stimulation during planar robotic training differentially impacts neuroplasticity in older adults
Neurorehabilitation efforts have focused on intense structured interventions to promote neuroplasticity because stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability world-wide. Robotic rehabilitation devices assist massed practice of upper extremity movement at high repetition rates (Lo et al., 2010; Conroy et al., 2011). They can also be used to change the learning environment, e.g., provide assistance or resistance to the motor task or train new mappings for movement to environmental effect (Krebs et al., 1998; Stein et al., 2004; MacClellan et al., 2005).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Crystal L. Massie, Shailesh S. Kantak, Priya Narayanan, George F. Wittenberg Source Type: research

Impact of 5‐Hz rTMS over the primary sensory cortex is related to white matter volume in individuals with chronic stroke
We examined the relationship between rTMS response, indexed by motor learning and cortical morphology in individuals with stroke. Sensory cortical white matter volume was associated with behavioural response to 5 Hz rTMS over ipsilesional sensory cortex followed by motor practice. Understanding factors contributing to variability of response to rTMS may help clarify both who may benefit from rTMS, and also which cortical areas may be most susceptible to rTMS‐induced neuroplastic change.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - September 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sonia M. Brodie, Michael R. Borich, Lara A. Boyd Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Cerebellum Tunes the Excitability of the Motor System: Evidence from Peripheral Motor Axons.
Abstract Cerebellum is highly connected with the contralateral cerebral cortex. So far, the motor deficits observed in acute focal cerebellar lesions in human have been mainly explained on the basis of a disruption of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical projections. Cerebellar circuits have also numerous anatomical and functional interactions with brainstem nuclei and projects also directly to the spinal cord. Cerebellar lesions alter the excitability of peripheral motor axons as demonstrated by peripheral motor threshold-tracking techniques in cerebellar stroke. The biophysical changes are correlated with the function...
Source: Cerebellum - June 25, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nodera H, Manto M Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Glun2b N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid receptor subunit mediates atorvastatin‐Induced neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia
This study evaluates whether atorvastatin (ATV) treatment affects the GluN1 and GluN2B subunits of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid receptor in the somatosensory cerebral cortex at short and long periods following ischemia. Sham and ischemic male Wistar rats received 10 mg/kg of ATV or placebo by gavage every 24 hr for 3 consecutive days. The first dose was administered 6 hr after ischemia–reperfusion or the sham operation. ATV treatment resulted in faster recovery of neurological scores than placebo, prevented the appearance of pyknotic neurons, and restored microtubule‐associated protein 2 and neuronal nuclei stain...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - June 17, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johanna Andrea Gutierrez‐Vargas, Juan Ignacio Muñoz‐Manco, Luis Miguel Garcia‐Segura, Gloria Patricia Cardona‐Gómez Tags: Research Article Source Type: research