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Total 239 results found since Jan 2013.

Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 levels are not predictive of non-AIDS events during antiretroviral therapy-mediated viral suppression
Before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), levels of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) were not elevated in people living with HIV who later developed non-AIDS events (including myocardial infarction and stroke), compared with controls. However, higher sST2 levels measured pre-ART were a significant predictor of death while on ART. Future studies should explore the potential of sST2 to serve as a short-term predictor of non-AIDS events during viral suppression.
Source: AIDS - June 3, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research

Correlates of HIV RNA concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid during antiretroviral therapy: a longitudinal cohort study
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2019Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Alessandro Livelli, Florin Vaida, Ronald J Ellis, Qing Ma, Micol Ferrara, David B Clifford, Ann C Collier, Benjamin B Gelman, Christina M Marra, Justin C McArthur, J Allen McCutchan, Susan Morgello, Ned Sacktor, David M Simpson, Igor Grant, Scott L Letendre, Ian Abramson, Muhammad T. Al-Lozi, Sarah L. Archibald, J. Hampton AtkinsonSummaryBackgroundFew large projects have evaluated the factors that influence the HIV RNA concentrations (viral load) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time. We aimed to determine t...
Source: The Lancet HIV - June 16, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Relationships Among Self-Reported Hearing Problems, Psychological Distress, and Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1997-2017.
Conclusions The relationship between self-reported hearing problems and CVD is mediated by psychological distress. Further research is needed to identify causal pathways and psychophysiological mechanisms involved in this relationship and to identify effective methods for addressing cardiovascular health-related psychosocial factors in the treatment of hearing impairment. PMID: 31339788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR - July 23, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Xu D, Francis AL Tags: J Speech Lang Hear Res Source Type: research

Health system challenges affecting rehabilitation services in South Africa.
This article presents challenges and solutions to ensure that South Africa can meet WHO 2030 Rehabilitation Goals for equitable provision of effective public rehabilitation services using the WHO's health system building block framework. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION To meet the challenge of providing rehabilitation for those in need requires country-specific, strategic, evidence-informed, and planned decisions in terms of best investment for highest return. Whilst there is sound international evidence for best-practice rehabilitation care, country-specific strategies are required to identify and address local barriers t...
Source: Disability and Rehabilitation - August 2, 2019 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Morris LD, Grimmer KA, Twizeyemariya A, Coetzee M, Leibbrandt DC, Louw QA Tags: Disabil Rehabil Source Type: research

Neurological disorders in HIV in Africa: a review
Conclusion: Neurological disorders are common in HIV in Africa and the main CNS opportunistic infections result in high  mortality rates. Strategies aimed at reducing their high burden, morbidity and mortality include early HIV diagnosis and anti-retroviral therapy (ART), screening and chemoprophylaxis of main opportunistic infections, improved clinical diagnosis and management and programme strengthening.Keywords: Neurological disorders, HIV, Africa, opportunistic infections, direct HIV infection and inflammatory disorders.
Source: African Health Sciences - August 19, 2019 Category: African Health Source Type: research

Vessel Wall Imaging of Cerebrovascular Disorders
AbstractPurpose of reviewHigh-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (VWI) permits direct visualization of intracranial arterial wall pathology, providing diagnostic and prognostic information that is complementary to conventional imaging techniques. We highlight the most recent studies that have advanced the clinical application of VWI.Recent findingsVWI aids in distinguishing and diagnosing intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), intracranial dissections, central nervous system vasculitis, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and moyamoya disease. VWI may help predict recurrent stroke in ICAD, t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - November 13, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Analysis of life expectancy across countries using a decision tree.
Conclusions: Improving these variables may result in significant increases in life expectancy and quality of life. At the country level, appropriate strategies can be developed to improve the quality and performance of health care systems. PMID: 32141591 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal - March 8, 2020 Category: Middle East Health Tags: East Mediterr Health J Source Type: research

Presence of asymptomatic cytomegalovirus and Epstein--Barr virus DNA in blood of persons with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy is associated with non-AIDS clinical events
Background: Even with antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons with HIV (PWH) experience increased morbidity and mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) co-infections likely exacerbate inflammatory-related diseases. Objective: To determine if presence of detectable CMV or EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is associated with non-AIDS events among PWH receiving modern ART. Design: We performed a case--control study of PWH starting ART and HIV-suppressed at year 1 and thereafter, 140 cases who experienced non-AIDS events and 305 matched controls. Events included myocardial infarc...
Source: AIDS - April 9, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Agitated Blood-Saline Rather Than Agitated Air-Saline for Echocardiographic Shunt Studies
Bubble contrast echocardiography, with an agitated mixture of air and saline, is used for the detection of intrapulmonary or intracardiac right-to-left shunts.1 However, the administration of air in patients with large right-to-left shunts may have a risk of embolic complications including stroke.2-5 The addition of blood to the air-saline mixture aids with image quality.6,7 The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of an agitated blood-saline (without additional air) mixture in shunt studies and to compare its efficacy against the standard agitated air-saline in opacification of right-sided cardiac chambers.
Source: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography - June 8, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mahmoud A. Ali, Mary J. Hepinstall, Cynthia S. Cassidy, Conor M. Lane, Patricia A. Pellikka, Jeremy J. Thaden, Sorin V. Pislaru, Garvan C. Kane Tags: Brief Research Communication Source Type: research

Endothelial Progenitor Cells Induce Angiogenesis: a Potential Mechanism Underlying Neovascularization in Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis
AbstractEncephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is one of the most commonly used indirect vascular reconstruction methods. EDAS aids in the formation of collateral vessels from the extracranial to the intracranial circulation in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the underlying mechanism of collateral vessel formation is not well understood. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) differentiate to form the vascular endothelial cells and play a very important role in angiogenesis. We designed this prospective clinical trial to investigate the presence of EPCs in patients with MMD and to explore the neovascularization...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

African Americans Struggle With the Current COVID-19
Objectives: Our study aims to explore the differential impact of this pandemic on clinical presentations and outcomes in African Americans (AAs) compared to white patients. Background: AAs have worse outcomes compared to whites while facing heart diseases, stroke, cancer, asthma, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. However, there is no current study to show the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the AA communities. Methods: This is a retrospective study that included patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 2 tertiary centers in New Orleans, LA. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Multivar...
Source: Annals of Surgery - August 22, 2020 Category: Surgery Tags: COVID PAPERS Source Type: research

Can Mindfulness-Based Interventions Benefit People with Dementia? Drawing on The Evidence from a Systematic Review in Populations with Cognitive Impairments.
Authors: Chan J, Leung DKY, Walton H, Wong GHY, Spector A Abstract INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmacological interventions that promote quality of life in people with dementia are urgently needed. To accelerate development, evidence-based psychotherapies used in other populations can be considered. Mindfulness-based interventions with standardised protocols, namely mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), may be effective in people with dementia, although tailoring for cognitive impairment may be needed. Evidence from other cognitive disorders can inform research. AREAS COVE...
Source: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics - August 28, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Expert Rev Neurother Source Type: research

Life expectancy, death, and disability in Haiti, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
Conclusion: Haiti faces a double burden of disease. Infectious diseases continue to be an issue, while non-communicable diseases have become a significant burden of disease. More attention must also be focused on the increase in worrying public health issues such as road injuries, exposure to forces of nature and HIV/AIDS in specific age groups. To address the burden of disease, sustained actions are needed to promote better health in Haiti and countries with similar challenges. PMID: 33165413 [PubMed]
Source: Pan American Journal of Public Health - November 11, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Rev Panam Salud Publica Source Type: research

Management of cardiovascular diseases in HIV/AIDS patients
AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus  (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a pandemic in the current population causes severe weakness of the body's immune system making the infected patient more vulnerable to life‐threatening conditions. The disease predisposes the infected patient to several cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart failure and stroke. The decline in CD4 cells following HIV infection, vulnerability to opportunistic infections and underlying HIV pathology plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular manifestations, and treatment targeting cardiomyopath...
Source: Journal of Cardiac Surgery - November 22, 2020 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Santoshi K. Ashwitha, Preethi A. Jacob, Abdullah Ajaj, Manasi M. Shirke, Amer Harky Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Among Thai HIV-Infected Patients: A 12-Year Retrospective Study
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Ahead of Print.
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses - June 14, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Akarin Hiransuthikul Aurauma Chutinet Nijasri C. Suwanwela Source Type: research