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Condition: Hypertension
Nutrition: Calcium

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Total 337 results found since Jan 2013.

Vitamin D deficiency and atrial fibrillation
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke, but there is no consensus regarding the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and atrial fibrillation (AF). Vitamin D negatively regulates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system (RAAS), mediates calcium homeostasis, binds to vitamin D receptors on cardiac myocytes, and has antioxidant properties that may reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the atria, which contribute to inflammation and proarrhythmic substrate formation.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joseph Thompson, Rynda Nitiahpapand, Prashan Bhatti, Antonios Kourliouros Tags: Review Source Type: research

Racial Differences in Incidence and Clinical Course of Atrial Fibrillation and What Remains to be Investigated
Abstract There are many risk factors identified for atrial fibrillation (AF), some of which differ between blacks and whites. These differences and differences in stroke occurrence and clinical course of AF between blacks and whites are reviewed. Risk factors identified to date include age, white race, male sex, body mass index (BMI) ≥30, height ≥173 cm, weight, increased waist circumference, higher levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), increased pulse pressure, diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, HDL <40 mg/dL, triglycerides >200 mg/dL, lower heart rate...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - January 27, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Ameliorates White Matter Lesion and Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment of pioglitazone has beneficial effect on hypertension-induced WML and cognition decline, which may partly through its effect on attenuation of arteriolar remodeling, endothelial activation, and brain inflammation. PMID: 25611692 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - January 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lan LF, Zheng L, Yang X, Ji XT, Fan YH, Zeng JS Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

First-line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first-line antihypertensive drug classes for hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: We found predominantly moderate quality evidence that all-cause mortality is similar when first-line RAS inhibitors are compared to other first-line antihypertensive agents. First-line thiazides caused less HF and stroke than first-line RAS inhibitors. The quality of the evidence comparing first-line beta-blockers and first-line RAS inhibitors was low and the lower risk of total CV events and stroke seen with RAS inhibitors may change with the publication of additional trials. Compared with first-line CCBs, first-line RAS inhibitors reduced HF but increased stroke. The magnitude of the reduction in HF exceeded...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 11, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Xue H, Lu Z, Tang WL, Pang LW, Wang GM, Wong GW, Wright JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs – Overview and meta-analyses
Conclusion: BP lowering by all classes of antihypertensive drugs is accompanied by significant reductions of stroke and major cardiovascular events. This supports the concept that reduction of these events is because of BP lowering per se rather than specific drug properties. However, evidence of risk reduction of other events and particularly mortality was obtained so far with some drug classes only. As a result of marked differences in the trial design, total cardiovascular risk, SBP/DBP differences and statistical power, comparisons of meta-analyses of different drug-specific placebo-controlled RCTs appear unwarranted.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - January 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Tags: Reviews and Meta-Analyses Source Type: research

Managing menopause.
Authors: Reid R, Abramson BL, Blake J, Desindes S, Dodin S, Johnston S, Rowe T, Sodhi N, Wilks P, Wolfman W, Menopause and Osteoporosis Working Group, Fortier M, Reid R, Abramson BL, Blake J, Desindes S, Dodin S, Graves L, Guthrie B, Khan A, Johnston S, Rowe T, Sodhi N, Wilks P, Wolfman W Abstract OBJECTIVE: To provide updated guidelines for health care providers on the management of menopause in asymptomatic healthy women as well as in women presenting with vasomotor or urogenital symptoms and on considerations related to cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, urogynaecology, and sexuality. OUTCOMES: Lifestyle...
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC - December 2, 2014 Category: OBGYN Tags: J Obstet Gynaecol Can Source Type: research

Efficacy and Safety of Calcium Channel Blocker/Diuretics Combination Therapy in Hypertensive Patients: A Meta‐Analysis
Although recent guidelines recommend the combination of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and thiazide (‐like) diuretics, this combination is not widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of this combination regarding the following endpoints: all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Four studies with a total of 30,791 of patients met the inclusion criteria. The combination CCB/thiazide (‐like) diuretic was associated with a significant risk reduction for myocardial infarction (risk ratio [RR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [...
Source: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension - December 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stefano F. Rimoldi, Franz H. Messerli, Patricia Chavez, Giulio G. Stefanini, Urs Scherrer Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research

Pulse Pressure Is Useful for Determining the Choice of Antihypertensive Drugs in Postmenopausal Women
Objective: To assess the efficacy of various classes of antihypertensive drugs in postmenopausal women with hypertension using pulse pressure (PP) as an index. Patients and Methods: Selected women were required to be naturally menopausal for at least 1 year but not more than 5 years past their menstrual period. Exclusion criteria were a history of preeclampsia or eclampsia, a severe illness such as myocardial infarction or stroke within 6 months, the use of estrogens or progestins within 3 months, proteinuric nephropathy, and surgically induced menopause. There were 114 women who participated in this study after having giv...
Source: Pulse - November 6, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

A Cost Utility Analysis of Amlodipine Compared with Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Preventing Stroke and Myocardial Infarction Among Hypertension Patients in the Philippines
Hypertension represents a major health problem, affecting more than 21% of adults in the Philippines. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, is considered to have better tolerance and effectiveness than other classes of antihypertensive treatments. Limited studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of Amlodipine in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs and effectiveness associated with Amlodipine and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Valsartan) in preventing stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among Filipino hypertension patients.
Source: Value in Health - November 1, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: G Encelan-Brizuela, K.Y. Lin, L. Liu Source Type: research

A Cost-Utility Analysis of Calcium Channel Blockers (Ccbs) Compared with Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Arbs) In Preventing Stroke And Myocardial Infarction Among Hypertension Patients In The Taiwan
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), which imposes a substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and society. Despite the high financial burden, limited studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of hypertension treatments in Taiwan. This cost utility analysis was conducted to determine the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with amlodipine (CCB) and valsartan (ARB) in preventing stroke and MI among Taiwanese hypertension patients.
Source: Value in Health - November 1, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: C.H. Fang, K.Y. Lin, Y.C. Huang, L. Liu Source Type: research

Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in women
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death among U.S. women and men. Established cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated total cholesterol, and risk prediction models based on such factors, perform well but do not perfectly predict future risk of CVD. Thus, there has been much recent interest among cardiovascular researchers in identifying novel biomarkers to aid in risk prediction. Such markers include alternative lipids, B-type natriuretic peptides, high-sensitivity troponin, coronary artery calcium, and genetic markers.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - October 29, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk Source Type: research

The Causal Effect of Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP) Levels on Calcemic and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Conclusions DBP has no demonstrable causal effect on any of the diseases or traits investigated here, except 25OHD levels. It remains to be determined whether 25OHD has a causal effect on these outcomes independent of DBP.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 28, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aaron Leong et al. Source Type: research

Bedtime Hypertension Chronotherapy: Concepts and Patient Outcomes.
Abstract Recent findings indicate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is best predicted by asleep systolic blood pressure (SBP), and lowering it by scheduling ≥1 conventional long-acting hypertension medications, alone or in combination, at bedtime significantly lessens vascular-associated risks. Some 20 years ago, four controlled-onset extended-release drug-delivery systems incorporating a calcium channel blocker or β-blocker, with the treatment goal specifically being attenuation of morning rather than asleep BP, were conceived as one type of bedtime hypertension chronotherapy. However, the CONVINCE outcomes tr...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - October 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Portaluppi F Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Clevidipine: A Review of Its Use for Managing Blood Pressure in Perioperative and Intensive Care Settings
In conclusion, intravenous clevidipine is a valuable agent for the management of BP in perioperative and intensive care settings.
Source: Drugs - October 14, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Response of Day-to-Day Home Blood Pressure Variability by Antihypertensive Drug Class After Transient Ischemic Attack or Nondisabling Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— After transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, calcium channel blockers and diuretics reduced variability and maximum home SBP, primarily because of effects on morning readings. Home BP readings enable monitoring of response to SBP variability-directed treatment in patients with recent cerebrovascular events.
Source: Stroke - September 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Webb, A. J. S., Wilson, M., Lovett, N., Paul, N., Fischer, U., Rothwell, P. M. Tags: Secondary prevention, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research