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Stroke in HIV-infected African Americans: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract The risk of having a first stroke is nearly twice as high among African Americans compared to Caucasians. HIV/AIDS is an independent risk factor for stroke. Our study aimed to report the risk factors and short-term clinical outcomes of African Americans with HIV infection and new-onset stroke admitted at the Johns Hopkins Hospitals (2000–2012). Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association between potential predictors and odds of an unfavorable outcome, defined as a higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on hospital discharge. African Americans comprised 105/125 (84 %) of HIV-inf...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - July 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Framingham score, renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk in liver transplant patients
Cardiovascular (CV) events represent major impediments to the long‐term survival of liver transplantation (LT) patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether the Framingham risk score (FRS) at transplantation can predict the development of post‐LT cardiovascular events (CVEs). Patients transplanted between 2006 and 2008 were included. Baseline features, CV risk factors, and CVEs occurring after LT (ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, de novo arrhythmias, and peripheral arterial disease) were recorded. In total, 250 patients (69.6% men) with a median age of 56 years (range, 18‐68 years) were included...
Source: Liver Transplantation - May 26, 2015 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Tommaso Di Maira, Angel Rubin, Lorena Puchades, Victoria Aguilera, Carmen Vinaixa, Maria Garcia, Nicola De Maria, Erica Villa, Rafael Lopez‐Andujar, Fernando San Juan, Eva Montalva, Judith Perez, Martin Prieto, Marina Berenguer Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Correspondence Infectious causes of stroke
Although the causality of hepatitis C virus in stroke is not conclusive, some clinical studies have shown an increased risk of stroke in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In their Review, Jennifer Fugate and colleagues1 propose several interesting hypotheses to explain the link between chronic infection and stroke that might also be applied to the association of hepatitis C virus infection with stroke. Accumulating evidence shows the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C virus, and provides a strong link between hepatitis C virus clearance and a decrease in the risk of stroke.
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - May 18, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ching-Sheng Hsu Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

New recommendations aim to improve safety of pain-relieving spinal steroid injections
More and more people are seeking injections of anti-inflammatory steroid medications for back and neck pain. In 2011, the last year for which complete information is available, doctors pushed the plunger on 2.3 million steroid injections into the spine — and that’s just among people covered by Medicare. These injections deliver drugs that mimic the effects of two hormones, cortisone and hydrocortisone, to reduce inflammation and help relieve pain. When they work — they don’t always — such injections can bring profound relief. “If you are in severe pain with a ruptured spinal disc and you get a stero...
Source: New Harvard Health Information - May 7, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Daniel Pendick Tags: Back Pain Drugs and Supplements anti-inflammatory steroid medications spinal injections spine steroid injections Source Type: news

Atypical isolated nuclear oculomotor nerve syndrome: A diagnostic challenge (P1.031)
CONCLUSION: This report will raise the awareness about nuclear oculomotor nerve syndrome and lead to a potentially successful therapeutic approach.Disclosure: Dr. Liao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamiya Matsuoka has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kamiya Matsuoka, C., Liao, B. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Case Reports Source Type: research

New blood test could help prevent antibiotic misuse
Conclusion This new test shows promising results in distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections. This is important because of increasing antibacterial resistance and could help doctors to tailor treatment quicker when someone is admitted with a suspected infection. At present, distinguishing between different types of infections is complex and relies on symptoms, signs, a variety of clinical tests and clinical judgement. One of these tests is the CRP, which is used as an indicator of the severity of infection or inflammation, and is often used to monitor this over time. It is surprising that it has been used as...
Source: NHS News Feed - March 19, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medical practice Medication Source Type: news

Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Conclusions Antiviral treatment for HCV is associated with improved renal and circulatory outcomes, but unrelated to catastrophic autoimmune diseases.
Source: Gut - February 3, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hsu, Y.-C., Ho, H. J., Huang, Y.-T., Wang, H.-H., Wu, M.-S., Lin, J.-T., Wu, C.-Y. Tags: Hepatology Source Type: research

Increased risk of cardiovascular events in end-stage renal disease patients with osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Conclusions The results showed that osteoporosis was significantly associated with the subsequent risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ESRD. When encountering patients with ESRD and osteoporosis, physicians should be alert to the subsequent cardiovascular risk in incident dialysis patients to prevent the subsequent occurrence of these adverse events.
Source: Osteoporosis International - December 9, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Ten-point plan to tackle liver disease published
"Doctors call for tougher laws on alcohol abuse to tackle liver disease crisis," The Guardian reports. But this is just one of 10 recommendations for tackling the burden of liver disease published in a special report in The Lancet.The report paints a grim picture of an emerging crisis in liver disease in the UK, saying it is one of the few countries in Europe where liver disease and deaths have actually increased rapidly over the last 30 years. It concludes with 10 recommendations to tackle the burden of liver disease.The media has approached the recommendations from many different angles, with many sources only ...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 27, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Food/diet Lifestyle/exercise QA articles Source Type: news

CDC National Health Report: Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Associated Behavioral Risk and Protective Factors-United States, 2005-2013.
This report reviews population health in the United States and provides an assessment of recent progress in meeting high-priority health objectives. The health status indicators described in this report were selected because of their direct relation to the leading causes of death and other substantial sources of morbidity and mortality and should be the focus of prevention efforts. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: Data are reported starting in 2005 (or the earliest available year since 2005) through the current data year. Because data sources and specific indicators vary regarding when data are available, the most recent yea...
Source: MMWR Surveill Summ - October 31, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Johnson NB, Hayes LD, Brown K, Hoo EC, Ethier KA Tags: MMWR Surveill Summ Source Type: research

HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease in Women Epidemiology
Conclusions HIV is associated with an increased risk of CVD in women.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - October 16, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Womack, J. A., Chang, C.-C. H., So-Armah, K. A., Alcorn, C., Baker, J. V., Brown, S. T., Budoff, M., Butt, A. A., Gibert, C., Goetz, M. B., Gottdiener, J., Gottlieb, S., Justice, A. C., Leaf, D., McGinnis, K., Rimland, D., Rodriguez-Barradas, M. C., Sico, Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

HCV, but not HIV, is a risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease
Conclusions: This tissue-based analysis of cerebral arteriolar disease demonstrates that HCV constitutes an independent risk, in addition to African American race, hypertension, and cART. Further study is needed to understand what aspects of HCV and cART contribute to cerebrovascular neuropathogenesis.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Morgello, S., Murray, J., Van Der Elst, S., Byrd, D. Tags: Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, HIV Article Source Type: research

Glycyrrhizin protects brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through HMGB1-TLR4-IL-17A signaling pathway.
Abstract High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been recently found to induce interleukin (IL)-17A secretion in drug-induced hepatitis and myocardial I/R injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether HMGB1-TLR4 signaling could induce IL-17A secretion and lead to brain I/R injury. We also sought to investigate whether glycyrrhizin elucidated its neuroprotective effects through HMGB1-TLR4-IL-17A signaling pathway. Various biochemical estimations, neurological status, and assessment of cerebral infarct size were carried out 72h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MC...
Source: Brain Research - August 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhang J, Wu Y, Weng Z, Zhou T, Feng T, Lin Y Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

A Case Of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Syndrome In A Patient With Multiple Sclerosis On Fingolimod Therapy. (P2.206)
CONCLUSIONS:As far as we know, this syndrome has never been reported in fingolimod treated patients. EBV reactivation may have been the triggering factor of HLH in our patient. Whether fingolimod contributed to HLH, through a direct mechanism, or indirectly favoring EBV reactivation, remains unknown. Our case highlights the diagnostic challenge of HLH and the need of monitoring and reporting serious adverse events in patients exposed to new IMD. Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Abreu has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis, and Biogen Idec. Dr. Peixoto has nothin...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Abreu, P., Peixoto, C., Carvalho, C., Santos, L., Sarmento, A., Jose Sa, M. Tags: MS and CNS Inflammatory Disease: Treatment Safety Source Type: research

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and atherosclerosis: Clinical impact and mechanisms.
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major health issue worldwide due to its burden of chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with excess mortality. Analysis of published studies supports the view that HCV infection should be considered a risk factor for the development of carotid atherosclerosis, heart failure and stroke. In contrast, findings from studies addressing coronary artery disease and HCV have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, meta-analytic reviews and prospective studies are warranted. The pathogenic mechani...
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - April 7, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Adinolfi LE, Zampino R, Restivo L, Lonardo A, Guerrera B, Marrone A, Nascimbeni F, Florio A, Loria P Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

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