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Source: Pediatric Neurology

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Total 229 results found since Jan 2013.

Sensitivity and Specificity of an Adult Stroke Screening Tool in Childhood Ischemic Stroke
There are frequent delays in the diagnosis of acute pediatric ischemic stroke. A screening tool that could increase the suspicion of acute ischemic stroke could aid early recognition and might improve initial care. An earlier study reported that children with acute ischemic stroke have signs that can be recognized with two adult stroke scales. We tested the hypothesis that an adult stroke scale could distinguish children with acute ischemic stroke from children with acute focal neurological deficits not due to stroke.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - March 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kerri Neville, Warren Lo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Hashimoto encephalopathy presenting with stroke-like episodes in an adolescent female: a case report and literature review
Hashimoto encephalitis (HE) is a rare form of encephalopathy thought to be of autoimmune etiology. Cognitive changes and seizures are the most commonly reported presenting manifestation. Stroke-like episodes have been reported to occur during the disease process as well. To our knowledge we report the first know case of pediatric HE presenting with stroke-like symptoms.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - March 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Brett R. Graham, Natalie Shiff, Munier Nour, Simona Hasal, Richard Huntsman, Salah Almubarak Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research

Prognostication Value of Descending Corticospinal Tract DWI signal in Neonatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Descending corticospinal tract diffusion-weighted MRI signal (DCST DWI) is predictive of poor motor outcome in neonatal and childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). However, DCST DWI has not been documented in the setting of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) and its role is not understood.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - March 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: M.L. Kaseka, M. Moharir, G. DeVeber, D. MacGregor, R. Askalan, N. Dlamini Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research

Guidelines for Urgent Management of Stroke in Children
Stroke in children carries lasting morbidity. Once recognized, it is important to evaluate and treat children with acute stroke efficiently and accurately. All children should receive neuroprotective measures. It is reasonable to consider treatment with advanced thrombolytic and endovascular agents. Delivery of such care requires purposeful institutional planning and organization in pediatric acute care centers. Primary stroke centers established for adults provide an example of the multidisciplinary approach that can be applied to the evaluation and treatment of children who present with acute stroke.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - January 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael J. Rivkin, Timothy J. Bernard, Michael M. Dowling, Catherine Amlie-Lefond Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS): A Case Report and Critical Reappraisal of Treatment Options
Stroke-like episodes signal progression and significant disability in the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. Arginine is widely used as a treatment for stroke-like episode, although there is little evidence for this intervention. We discuss the management of a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes who presented with a stroke-like episode.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Robert H. Fryer, Jennifer M. Bain, Darryl C. De Vivo Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes: a case report and critical reappraisal of treatment options
Stroke-like episodes signal progression and significant disability in the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. Arginine is widely used as a treatment for stroke-like episode, although there is little evidence for this intervention. We discuss the management of a patient with MELAS who presented with a stroke-like episode.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Robert H. Fryer, Jennifer Bain, Darryl De Vivo Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research

Preparing for a “Pediatric Stroke Alert”
Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Hyperacute treatment strategies remain controversial and challenging, especially in the setting of increasingly proven medical and endovascular options in adults. Although national and international pediatric guidelines have given initial direction about acute therapy and management,1;2 pediatric centers have traditionally lacked the infrastructure to triage, diagnose and treat childhood AIS quickly.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Timothy J. Bernard, Neil R. Friedman, Nicholas V. Stence, William Jones, Rebecca Ichord, Catherine Amlie-Lefond, Michael M. Dowling, Michael J. Rivkin Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research

Hypertension is Associated with Increased Mortality in Children Hospitalized with Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Recently a single center study suggested that hypertension after stroke in children was a risk factor for mortality. Our goal was to assess the association between hypertension and outcome after arterial ischemic stroke in children from a large national sample.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Malik M. Adil, Lauren A. Beslow, Adnan I. Qureshi, Ahmed A. Malik, Lori C. Jordan Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Way Forward: Challenges and Opportunities in Pediatric Stroke
The past two decades have seen a remarkable increase in publications on pediatric stroke, reflecting increased awareness of its impact on childhood health. The results of the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP), published in 1998, which showed that chronic blood transfusion decreased the risk of stroke in high risk children with sickle cell anemia by 92%, revolutionized the care of children with sickle cell anemia 1 and highlighted the importance of primary stroke prevention. Surgical revascularization is used increasingly to decrease the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children with moyamoya ce...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Catherine Amlie-Lefond, Michael JRivkin, Neil Friedman, Timothy Bernard, Michael Morgan Dowling, Gabrielle deVeber Tags: Perspectives in Pediatric Neurology Source Type: research

Spinal Cord Stroke Presenting With Acute Monoplegia in a 17-Year-Old Tennis Player
Acute monoplegia is a rare presentation for spinal cord stroke, which usually presents with paraplegia or paraparesis.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - November 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Julie A. Nelson, Chang Y. Ho, Meredith R. Golomb Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research

Spinal cord stroke presenting with acute monoplegia in a seventeen-year-old tennis player
Acute monoplegia is a rare presentation for spinal cord stroke, which usually presents with paraplegia or paraparesis.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - November 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Julie Nelson, Chang Y. Ho, Meredith R. Golomb Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research

Recurrent stroke-like episodes in -associated early-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Mutations in the FBXL4 gene have been recently identified as the cause of early-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (EOMEM, OMIM #615471) 1, 2. Progressive supratentorial and cerebellar atrophy are known manifestations (Figure A), stroke-like episodes, although well described in mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), however, have not yet been reported in this entity.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - September 2, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Angelika Seitz, Stefan Kölker, Georg F. Hoffmann Tags: Visual Diagnosis Source Type: research

Pediatric giant cell glioblastoma mimicking hemorrhage secondary to ischemic stroke
An eight-year-old girl presented with headaches, nausea, and diminished consciousness. Initial computed tomography (CT) showed an intracerebral hemorrhage with mass effect (Fig. 1). A four-vessel catheter angiogram ruled out vascular malformations, aneurysms or vasculitis. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the hemorrhage had both an acute and sub-acute bleeding component (Fig. 2A and 2B). Anteriorly of the hemorrhage, a region with weak contrast enhancement was noted (Fig. 2C and 2D). This was interpreted as reactive contrast enhancement.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - August 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Veit M. Stoecklein, Nina Lummel, Lorenz Ertl, Mathias Kunz, Joerg-C. Tonn, Sophia Mueller Tags: Visual Diagnosis Source Type: research

Late cerebrovascular complications after radiotherapy for childhood primary central nervous system tumors
The management and prognosis of childhood primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST) improved significantly in the last decades. In certain types of childhood PCNST, brain radiotherapy (RT) is valuable treatment option 1, 2, 3. Regardless of RT optimization, damage to surrounding normal brain tissue still occurs 3. Indeed, RT is an established cause of endothelial dysfunction 4 and a risk factor for late cerebrovascular complications (LCCs) such as cavernoma, moyamoya syndrome, microbleeds and stroke 2, 5-13.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - June 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: João Passos, Hipólito Nzwalo, Joana Marques, Ana Azevedo, Eduardo Netto, Sofia Nunes, Duarte Salgado Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Focal cerebral arteriopathy: The face with many names
Focal cerebral arteriopathy is a term used to describe patients with unilateral intracranial arteriopathy involving the distal internal carotid artery and proximal segments of the middle and anterior cerebral artery. We aimed to describe the disease course of 10 pediatric arterial ischemic stroke patients with focal cerebral arteriopathy from a single quaternary-care center.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Alisha T. Tolani, Kristen Yeom, Jorina Elbers Tags: Clinical Observations Source Type: research