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Procedural learning as a measure of functional impairment in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.
Abstract Basal ganglia stroke is often associated with functional deficits in patients, including difficulties to learn and execute new motor skills (procedural learning). To measure procedural learning in a murine model of stroke (30min. right MCAO), we submitted C57Bl/6J mice to various sensorimotor tests, then to an operant procedure (Serial Order Learning) specifically assessing the ability to learn a simple motor sequence. Results showed that MCAO affected the performance in some of the sensorimotor tests (accelerated rotating rod and amphetamine rotation test) and the way animals learned a motor sequence. Th...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Linden J, Beeck LV, Plumier JC, Ferrara A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery.
This article summarizes the published literature for pharmacologic agents used for the enhancement of motor and speech recovery after stroke. Amphetamine, levodopa, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and piracetam were the most commonly used drugs. Pharmacologic augmentation of stroke motor and speech recovery seems promising but systematic, adequately powered, randomized, and double-blind clinical trials are needed. At this point, the use of these pharmacologic agents is not supported by class I evidence. PMID: 26522905 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Physica Medica - November 1, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Keser Z, Francisco GE Tags: Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am Source Type: research

Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery
This article summarizes the published literature for pharmacologic agents used for the enhancement of motor and speech recovery after stroke. Amphetamine, levodopa, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and piracetam were the most commonly used drugs. Pharmacologic augmentation of stroke motor and speech recovery seems promising but systematic, adequately powered, randomized, and double-blind clinical trials are needed. At this point, the use of these pharmacologic agents is not supported by class I evidence.
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - October 30, 2015 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Zafer Keser, Gerard E. Francisco Source Type: research

Unlabeled amphetamine isomer in sports supplement “probably” caused hemorrhagic stroke
3.5 out of 5 stars Hemorrhagic Stroke Probably Caused by Exercise Combined With a Sports Supplement Containing β-Methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA): A Case Report. Cohen P et al. Ann Intern Med 2015 May 12 [Epub ahead of print] Reference Last month, the FDA sent letters to 5 companies that manufacture so-called “dietary” or “sports” supplements, warning them that their products were mislabeled because they contained an unlisted ingredient. That ingredient, β-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), is an isomer of amphetamine. Although the effects of BMPEA in humans have not been well studied, it has been ...
Source: The Poison Review - May 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical amphetamine beta-methylphenylethylamine BMPEA dietary supplement hemorrhagic stroke sports supplement Source Type: news

Stimulant in Sports Supplement Linked to Exercise-Induced StrokeStimulant in Sports Supplement Linked to Exercise-Induced Stroke
Synthetic amphetamine-like stimulant BMPEA is a probable cause of exercise-induced hemorrhagic stroke in a previously healthy woman, a new report concludes. Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Neurology and Neurosurgery Headlines - May 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurology & Neurosurgery News Source Type: news

Amphetamine-like dietary supplement linked to stroke
Experts warn about synthetic compound BMPEA, a potentially dangerous stimulant found in weight-loss supplements
Source: Health News: CBSNews.com - May 13, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Amphetamine and other pharmacological agents in human and animal studies of recovery from stroke
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2015 Source:Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry Author(s): D. Walker-Batson , J. Mehta , P. Smith , M. Johnson Neuromodulation with pharmacological agents, including drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, when paired with behavioral experience, has been shown to positively modify outcomes in animal models of stroke. A number of clinical studies have tested the efficacy of a variety of drugs to enhance recovery of language deficit post-stroke. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) present pertinent animal studies supporting the use of dextro-amphetamine su...
Source: Progress in Neuro Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry - April 28, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Intracerebral Hemorrhage Associated with Oral Phenylephrine Use: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Conclusions: It is scientifically plausible that phenylephrine may cause strokes, consistent with the pharmacologic properties and adverse event profiles of similar amphetamine-like sympathomimetics. As RCVS has been well described in association with over-the-counter sympathomimetics, a likely, although not definitive, causal relationship between phenylephrine and ICH is proposed.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Brian E. Tark, Steven R. Messe, Clotilde Balucani, Steven R. Levine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide increases mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II activity and protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons.
This study demonstrated that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide, specifically CART55-102, increased the survival rate, but decreased the mortality of neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), in a dose-dependent manner. The above-mentioned effects of CART55-102 were most significant at 0.4nM. These results indicated that CART55-102 suppressed neurotoxicity and enhanced neuronal survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation. CART55-102(0.4nM) significantly diminished reactive oxygen species levels and markedly increased the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II in oxygen-glu...
Source: Brain Research - August 12, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sha D, Wang L, Zhang J, Qian L, Li Q, Li J, Qian J, Gu S, Han L, Xu P, Xu Y Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

The use of stimulant medications for non-core aspects of ADHD and in other disorders.
Abstract Psychostimulants play a central role in the management of ADHD. Here we review the evidence pertaining to the use of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and related amphetamine salts, the prodrug lisdexamfetamine and modafinil for the management of comorbid ADHD and non-ADHD indications. There is a growing consensus that stimulant medications are helpful at improving the emotional dysregulation and lability, and oppositional and conduct symptoms that are often associated with ADHD. There is some evidence that psychostimulants may improve outcomes in those with treatment resistant depression, reduce negative s...
Source: Neuropharmacology - June 18, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sinita E, Coghill D Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

The Amphetamine-Enhanced Stroke Recovery (AESR) Trial: Primary Part 1 Results (S45.003)
CONCLUSIONS:The studied treatment regimen was safe. Primary results will be presented.Study Supported by:NIH-NS39934Disclosure: Dr. Goldstein has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. Dr. Goldstein has received royalty payments from Up To Date, Henry Stewart Talks, and Quantia. Dr. Goldstein has received research support from AGA. Dr. Rabadi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reding has received personal compensation for activities with Acorda Therapeutics as a consultant. Dr. Lennihan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Good has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. Dr. Good has rec...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Goldstein, L., Rabadi, M., Reding, M., Lennihan, L., Good, D., Dromerick, A., Pura, J., Samsa, G. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Complications Source Type: research

Intracerebral Hemorrhage Associated with Oral Phenylephrine Use (P5.138)
CONCLUSION: It is scientifically plausible that Phe may cause strokes given that it is consistent with the pharmacological properties and adverse event profiles of similar amphetamine-like sympathomimetics. As RCVS has been well-described in association with over the counter sympathomimetics, these lines of evidence support a likely, although not definitive, causal relationship between Phe and ICH.Disclosure: Dr. Tark has nothing to disclose. Dr. Messe has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Dr. Messe has received research support from WL Gore, and GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Dr. Balucani has...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tark, B., Messe, S., Balucani, C., Levine, S. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Other Hemorrhages Source Type: research

Adult hemiparkinsonian rats do not benefit from tactile stimulation.
Abstract Tactile stimulation (TS) applied to adult rats after cortical injury (medial frontal cortex aspiration or sensorimotor pial stripping stroke model) has been previously shown to ameliorate behavioral impairments and to improve morphological parameters like dendritic length of prefrontal cortical neurons (Gibb et al. Behav Brain Res 2010;214:102-7). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of TS on healthy and hemiparkinsonian adult rats. Therefore, the animals received TS for 14 days and 15min three times daily. At different time points rats were tested in various behavioral tests (amphetamine-i...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - December 13, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Effenberg A, Klein A, Gibb R, Carroll C, Baumgärtner W, Grothe C, Ratzka A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.
In conclusion, rTMS treatment improved motor functions and survival of DA neurons, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of rTMS treatment might be induced by upregulation of neurotrophic/growth factors in the PD animal model. PMID: 23998987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - August 30, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Lee JY, Kim SH, Ko AR, Lee JS, Yu JH, Seo JH, Cho BP, Cho SR Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Amphetamine makes caudate tissue more susceptible to oxygen and glucose deprivation.
Abstract Amphetamine is being investigated to reduce morbidity following stroke. However, the medicinal use of amphetamine is complicated because this drug is addictive, cardiotoxic, and can be neurotoxic. Thus, further research into the safety of giving amphetamine to stroke patients is required. Here, we examine whether prior treatment with amphetamine has any effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-evoked transmitter efflux and mitochondrial function. To circumvent the well-documented cardiovascular effects of amphetamine we have used rat brain slices. Brain slices were exposed to 30μM of amphetamine for 10...
Source: Neurotoxicology - June 17, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Tana A, Davidson C Tags: Neurotoxicology Source Type: research

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