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Identification of Reversible Disruption of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Following Acute Ischemia Brief Reports
Conclusions— This study demonstrates that diffuse, mild BBB disruption in the acutely ischemic human brain is reversible with reperfusion. This study also confirms prior findings that focal severe BBB disruption confers an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Source: Stroke - August 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Simpkins, A. N., Dias, C., Leigh, R., on behalf of the National Institutes of Health Natural History of Stroke Investigators, Benson, Hsia, Latour, Luby, Lynch, Merino, Nadareishvili, Warach Tags: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Blood-Brain Barrier, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Brief Reports Source Type: research

Multiple Cerebral Infarctions in a Patient with Adenomyosis on Hormone Replacement Therapy: A Case Report
A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of repeated episodes of bilateral hand weakness. She had a 10-year history of combined estrogen –progestin therapy for menopausal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission showed multiple hyperintense lesions in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar cortices on diffusion-weighted imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography showed thrombus formation on the aortic valve and moderate aortic i nsufficiency. Laboratory test demonstrated elevated CA125 (334.8 U/mL) and D-dimer (7.0 µg/mL) levels.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Nanako Hijikata, Yuki Sakamoto, Chikako Nito, Noriko Matsumoto, Arata Abe, Akane Nogami, Takahiro Sato, Hiroyuki Hokama, Seiji Okubo, Kazumi Kimura Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Successful outcome after endovascular thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with basis on perfusion-diffusion mismatch after 24 h of symptoms onset.
CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a successful thrombolytic therapy following AIS performed more than 24 h after the initial symptoms based on the presence of a perfusion-diffusion mismatch. This report is expected to stimulate the development of future prospective studies with special focus on the role of perfusion-diffusion mismatch in patient selection for treatment of AIS, especially in those presenting outside the traditional time window. PMID: 27313971 [PubMed]
Source: Surgical Neurology International - June 19, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Surg Neurol Int Source Type: research

Plaque Inflammation in Recently Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Predicts Recurrent Cerebral Ischemia (P1.233)
Conclusions: FDG-PET/CT and HR-MRI aid in the imaging of plaque inflammation and identification of patients with higher risk of subsequent cerebral ischemic events. This ongoing study intends to develop a robust prediction model for risk stratification based on luminal stenosis and plaque characteristics for better therapeutic decision-making.Disclosure: Dr. Woo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bharatendu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sinha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ting has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paliwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kulkarni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Teoh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chan has nothing t...
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Woo, J. W., Bharatendu, C., Sinha, A., Ting, E., Paliwal, P., Kulkarni, A., Teoh, H. L., Chan, B., Hong, C., Heng, C. Y., Chen, J. T., Du, Z., Wong, L., Asp, S., Sharma, V. Tags: Carotid Disease Source Type: research

Aortic Sarcoma Mimicking a Thrombus Filling Vascular Lumen: A Rare Cause of Cerebral Infarction (P4.364)
Conclusion- Primary aortic sarcoma is an extremely rare cause of stroke. This sarcoma may be misinterpreted as a thrombus filling vascular lumen on CT angiography, but no elevation of D-dimer is incompatible with a large thrombus. The final diagnosis can be made by surgical biopsy.Disclosure: Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jeon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kwon has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kim, H., Jeon, S.-B., Park, K.-W., Kim, H., Kim, B. J., Kwon, S. Tags: Cerebrovascular Case Reports Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Obesity, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke that primarily affects young adults. A unique risk factor profile and plurality of presenting features make it an elusive diagnosis unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. It comprises approximately 0.5% to 1% of all strokes, and widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging has made recognition easier. The International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis is the largest prospective, multinational, observational study of patients with CVT to date, including 624 consecutive patients with symptomatic CVT at 89 centers between May ...
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thrombus Length Estimation on Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced T1 Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— The dGE-T1, obtained by simply adjusting scanning order in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging protocol, is a useful tool for thrombus length estimation and middle cerebral artery recanalization prediction after IVT.
Source: Stroke - February 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yan, S., Chen, Q., Xu, M., Sun, J., Liebeskind, D. S., Lou, M. Tags: Angiography, Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Does b1000-b0 Mismatch Challenge Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Mismatch in Stroke? Brief Reports
Conclusions— b1000–b0 mismatch may identify patients with ischemic stroke of the within 4.5 hours of onset with high positive predictive value, perhaps constituting an alternative imaging tissue clock.
Source: Stroke - February 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Geraldo, A. F., Berner, L.-P., Haesebaert, J., Chabrol, A., Cho, T.-H., Derex, L., Hermier, M., Louis-Tisserand, G., Chamard, L., Klaerke Mikkelsen, I., Ribe, L., Ostergaard, L., Hjort, N., Pedraza, S., Thomalla, G., Baron, J.-C., Nighoghossian, N., Berth Tags: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Ischemic Stroke, Thrombosis Brief Reports Source Type: research

Magnetic resonance imaging versus transcranial ultrasound in early identification of cerebral injuries in neonatal encephalopathy
Conclusion TCUS is an effective screening tool in detecting the etiology of NE in suspected cases; it is sometimes crucial in critically sick neonates; however, early MRI is mandatory as it can detect precisely the extent of brain injury compared with TCUS alone.
Source: The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine - January 14, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Source Type: research

Apixaban versus Warfarin for the Prevention of Periprocedural Cerebral Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study
Conclusion: Apixaban has similar safety and effectiveness to warfarin for the prevention of cerebral thromboembolism during the periprocedural period of AF ablation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology - January 13, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: TAISHI KUWAHARA, MITSUNORI ABE, MASARU YAMAKI, HIROYUKI FUJIEDA, YUMIKO ABE, KATSUSHI HASHIMOTO, MISAKO ISHIBA, HIROTSUKA SAKAI, KEIICHI HISHIKARI, MASATERU TAKIGAWA, KENJI OKUBO, KATSUMASA TAKAGI, YASUAKI TANAKA, JUN NAKAJIMA, ATSUSHI TAKAHASHI Tags: Original Source Type: research

Imaging Characteristics of Growing and Ruptured Vertebrobasilar Non-Saccular and Dolichoectatic Aneurysms Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms are associated with a poor natural history with high growth and rupture rates. Further research is needed to determine the best treatments for this disease.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Nasr, D. M., Brinjikji, W., Rouchaud, A., Kadirvel, R., Flemming, K. D., Kallmes, D. F. Tags: Risk Factors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Aneurysm Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Antidepressant Use Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Developing Microbleeds Brief Reports
Conclusions— Antidepressant use was associated with an increased risk of developing microbleeds. Our results may support findings from previous clinical studies about increased intracranial and extracranial bleeding risk in antidepressant users.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Akoudad, S., Aarts, N., Noordam, R., Ikram, M. A., Tiemeier, H., Hofman, A., Stricker, B. H., Vernooij, M. W., Visser, L. E. Tags: Epidemiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Thrombosis Brief Reports Source Type: research

An ischemic stroke patient with free floating thrombus in carotid artery, successfully treated by open carotid thrombectomy: a first case report in Nepal.
We present a case in which we performed open surgery and achieved successful retrieval of the thrombus. A 40 year-old male patient presented with ischemic stroke and mild left hemiparesis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed infarction in the right parieto-occipital area. Carotid Doppler study showed carotid stenosis on the right side. Further investigation with CT angiography of the neck vessels confirmed significant carotid artery occlusion with a free-floating thrombus in the internal carotid artery. Carotid endarterectomy was planned under EEG monitoring. The right carotid artery was exposed w...
Source: Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences - December 12, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Hiroshima J Med Sci Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Abstract: Imaging is indispensable in the evaluation of patients presenting with central nervous system emergencies. Although computed tomography (CT) is the mainstay of initial assessment and triage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become vital in expanding diagnostic capabilities, refining management strategies, and developing our understanding of disease processes. Ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis are 2 areas wherein MRI is actively revolutionizing patient care. Familiarity with the imaging manifestations of these 2 disease processes is crucial for any radiologist reading brain MR studies. In this rev...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - December 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

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