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Postmortem Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Perinatal Death: An Animal Control Study to Detect the Influence of Postmortem Interval
Abstract: Objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful as part of a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging protocol. However, apart from the effect of temperature on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normal postmortem ADC changes can influence the interpretation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between normal ADC changes and postmortem intervals (PMIs) and develop a reference standard for postmortem changes after temperature correction. Materials and Methods: Six premature lambs were scanned at different PMIs. ADC values were measured at different parenchymal locati...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The Utility of Vessel Wall Imaging in the Postulation of Acute Ischemic Stroke With Spontaneous Recanalization Pathophysiology
Abstract: Recent advances in technology, particularly in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, have brought forth new sequences, including vessel wall imaging (VWI). Traditionally, the workup for intracranial vascular pathology has always turned to luminal imaging using computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or digital subtraction angiography. Since its introduction, VWI has enabled researchers and practicing clinicians to better understand disease processes and manage patients to the best standard of care possible. Spontaneous recanalization in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a known but un...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - August 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Logistic Regression–Based Model Is More Efficient Than U-Net Model for Reliable Whole Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Segmentation
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that classical machine learning methods can produce more accurate brain segmentation than the far more complex deep learning methods when only small or moderate amounts of training data are available (n ≤ 15). The magnitude of this advantage varies by tissue and cohort, while U-Net may be preferable for deep gray matter and necrotic/non-enhancing tumor segmentation, particularly with larger training data sets (n ≥ 20). Given that segmentation models often need to be retrained for application to novel imaging protocols or pathology, the bottleneck associated with large-scale ma...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Postmortem Fetal Temperature Estimation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Measurements in the Vitreous Body and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in postmortem fetal imaging. Several factors influence the quality of MRI in this setting, such as small size, autolytic and maceration changes, and temperature. Knowing the fetal temperature at the time of scanning can improve the MRI interpretation. Temperature can be calculated using diffusion-weighted imaging with measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, this is complicated by small ventricle size and hemorrhage and, therefore, may be unreliable in postmortem imaging. The current study evalua...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Congenital Zika Syndrome: The Main Cause of Death and Correspondence Between Brain CT and Postmortem Histological Section Findings
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Errata Source Type: research

Update Imaging Findings of Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Disease Story That is Still Being Written
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Errata Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Intracranial Neoplasms: A Scoping Review
Conclusions: MRE shows potential in predicting tumor consistency, adhesion, and mechanical homogeneity. Furthermore, MRE provides insight into malignant tumor behavior and its relation to tissue mechanics. MRE is still at a preclinical stage, but technical advances, improved understanding of soft tissue rheological impact, and larger samples are likely to enable future clinical introduction. (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Visualization of Concurrent Epicardial and Microvascular Coronary Artery Disease in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
We present a patient with history of systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with acute chest pain. Electrocardiography, invasive coronary angiography, and cardiac MRI were performed during the course of her evaluation. Invasive coronary angiography demonstrated obstructive disease in the diagonal system and cardiovascular MRI confirmed an anterior infarct consistent with the electrocardiographic findings. However, MRI also revealed focal inferoseptal hypoperfusion inconsistent with electrocardiographic and angiographic findings. Rather, these findings indicate the presence of concurrent microvascular coronary artery di...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Afternoon Thoughts About a New Beginning, the Value of MRI, and the Need for Curiosity
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

A Web-based System to Assist With Etiology Differential Diagnosis in Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Conclusions: Our tool yielded an overlapping differential diagnosis in most patients that defied definitive classification by experts. Although it needs to be validated in an independent cohort, it helps facilitate high-quality, and timely diagnoses of arteriopathy in pediatric patients. (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Cerebral Perfusion in Pediatric Stroke: Children Are Not Little Adults
Cerebral perfusion imaging provides useful information about the hemodynamic state of the brain that is relevant to a number of neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, and brain tumors. Multiple imaging modalities have been developed to evaluate brain perfusion, primarily by the use of different tracers to measure cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow. Here, we provide an overview of magnetic resonance imaging perfusion techniques; summarize the role of perfusion imaging in adult stroke; describe changes in cerebral blood flow over childhood; and discuss the relevance and future directions of perfusion i...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Reperfusion Therapies for Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Modern hyperacute reperfusion therapies including intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have transformed the management of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in adults. Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that these therapies enable remarkable improvements in clinical outcome for properly selected patients with AIS. Because pediatric patients were excluded from predicate clinical trials, there is a conspicuous lack of data to guide selection of therapies and inform age-adjusted and pathology-oriented treatment modifications for children. Specifically, technical guidance concerning treatment eli...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Definitive Diagnostic Evaluation of the Child With Arterial Ischemic Stroke and Approaches to Secondary Stroke Prevention
In children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), the definitive diagnosis of stroke subtype and confirmation of stroke etiology is necessary to mitigate stroke morbidity and prevent recurrent stroke. The common causes of AIS in children are sharply differentiated from the common causes of adult AIS. A comprehensive, structured diagnostic approach will identify the etiology of stroke in most children. Adequate diagnostic evaluation relies on advanced brain imaging and vascular imaging studies. A variety of medical and surgical secondary stroke prevention strategies directed at the underlying cause of stroke are available. T...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Initial Diagnostic Evaluation of the Child With Suspected Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Numerous factors make the initial diagnostic evaluation of children with suspected arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) a relatively unsettling challenge, even for the experienced stroke specialist. The low frequency of pediatric AIS, diversity of unique age-oriented stroke phenotypes, and unconventional approaches required for diagnosis and treatment all contribute difficulty to the process. This review aims to outline important features that differentiate pediatric AIS from adult AIS and provide practical strategies that will assist the stroke specialist with diagnostic decision making in the initial phase of care. (Source: To...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - October 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Cerebral Perfusion Imaging for Intravenous Thrombolysis Treatment
Intravenous thrombolysis is the cornerstone of acute ischemic stroke treatment. However, the benefits of recanalization and reperfusion must be balanced against the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Time from symptom onset was previously the most important selection tool for identifying patients who would benefit from treatment without prohibitive risk for secondary hemorrhage. Enhanced techniques in noncontrast computed tomography followed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance perfusion imaging led to the expansion of treatment eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis. Perfusion imaging allows for more precise eval...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - August 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research