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Multinuclear MRI at Ultrahigh Fields
In this article, an overview of the current developments and research applications for non-proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHFs) is given. Due to technical and methodical advances, efficient MRI of physiologically relevant nuclei, such as 23Na, 35Cl, 37Cl, 39K, 17O, or 31P has become feasible and is of interest to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information that can be used for biomedical and diagnostic applications. Sodium (23Na) MRI is the most widespread multinuclear imaging method with applications ranging over all regions of the human body. 23Na MRI yields the second larg...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Parallel Transmission for Ultrahigh Field MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been driven toward ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHF) in order to benefit from correspondingly higher signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. Technological challenges associated with UHF, such as increased radiofrequency (RF) energy deposition and RF excitation inhomogeneity, limit realization of the full potential of these benefits. Parallel RF transmission (pTx) enables decreases in the inhomogeneity of RF excitations and in RF energy deposition by using multiple-transmit RF coils driven independently and operating simultaneously. pTx plays a fundamental role in UHF MRI by bringin...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Radiofrequency Coils for 7 Tesla MRI
Radiofrequency (RF) coils are an essential part of the magnetic resonance (MR) system. To exploit the inherently higher signal-to-noise ratio at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHF), research sites were forced to build up expertise in RF coil development, as the number of commercially available RF coils were limited. In addition, an integrated transmit body RF coil, which is well-established at MR systems of lower field strength, is still missing at UHF due to technical and physical constraints. This review article provides a brief recapitulation of RF characteristics and RF coils in general to introduce terminology and RF-rela...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Ultrahigh field MR Neuroimaging
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System at 7T: Morphological Imaging and Beyond
In 2017, a whole-body 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device was given regulatory approval for clinical use in both the EU and United States for neuro and musculoskeletal applications. As 7 Tesla allows for higher signal-to-noise , which results in higher resolution images than those obtained on lower-field-strength scanners, it has attracted considerable attention from the musculoskeletal field, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications in the last decade. Besides morphological imaging, the quantitative MR methods, such as T2, T2*, T1ρ mapping, sodium imaging, chemical-exchange saturation transfer, and sp...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Evolution of UHF Body Imaging in the Human Torso at 7T: Technology, Applications, and Future Directions
The potential value of ultrahigh field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy to biomedical research and in clinical applications drives the development of technologies to overcome its many challenges. The increased difficulties of imaging the human torso compared with the head include its overall size, the dimensions and location of its anatomic targets, the increased prevalence and magnitude of physiologic effects, the limited availability of tailored RF coils, and the necessary transmit chain hardware. Tackling these issues involves addressing notoriously inhomogeneous transmit B1 (B1+) fields, limitati...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Preface
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - June 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Postnatal Imaging Findings of Congenital Zika Syndrome: The Story of a Disease That is Still Being Written: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research

Neuroimaging and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Spine Metastasis
Historically, management options for spinal metastases include surgery for stabilization and decompression and/or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). EBRT is palliative in nature, as it lacks accurate targeting such that the prescribed radiation doses must be limited in order to maintain safety. Modern advancement in imaging and radiotherapy technology have facilitated the development of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), which provides increased targeted precision for radiation delivery to tumors resulting in lower overall toxicity, particularly to regional structures such as the spinal cord and esophagus, wh...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Updates in the Neuoroimaging and WHO Classification of Primary CNS Gliomas: A Review of Current Terminology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Relevance From a Radiologic Prospective
As new advances in the genomics and imaging of CNS tumors continues to evolve, a standardized system for classification is increasingly essential to diagnosis and management. The molecular markers introduced in the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors bring both practical and conceptual advances to the characterization of gliomas, strengthening the prognostic and predictive value of terminology while shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that drive biologic behavior. The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct overview of primary intracranial gliomas from a neuroradiologic prospective and according to the 5...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Neuroimaging for Radiation Therapy of Brain Tumors
Delineating the gross tumor volume (GTV) is a core task within radiation treatment planning. GTVs must be precisely defined irrespective of the region involved, but even more so in a sensitive area such as the brain. As precision medicine cannot exist without precision imaging, the current article aims to discuss the various imaging modalities employed in the radiation treatment planning of brain tumors. Gliomas, meningiomas, and paragangliomas are some of the most challenging tumors and the advancement in diagnostic imaging can significantly contribute to their delineation. For gliomas, irradiation based on multiparametr...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Role of Particle Therapy for the Treatment of Skull Base Tumors and Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay in the interdisciplinary treatment of brain tumors of the skull base and brain. Technical innovations during the past 2 decades have allowed for increasingly precise treatment with better sparing of adjacent healthy tissues to prevent treatment-related side effects that influence patients’ quality of life. Particle therapy with protons and charged ions offer favorable kinetics with sharp dose deposition in a well-defined depth (Bragg-Peak) and a steep radiation fall-off beyond that maximum. This review highlights the role of particle therapy in the management of primary brain tumors a...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

What Neuroradiologists Need to Know About Radiation Treatment for Neural Tumors
Radiation oncologists and radiologists have a unique and mutually dependent relationship. Radiation oncologists rely on diagnostic imaging to locate the tumor and define the treatment target volume, evaluation of response to therapy, and follow-up. Accurate interpretation of post-treatment imaging requires diagnostic radiologists to have a basic understanding of radiation treatment planning and delivery. There are various radiation treatment modalities such as 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery as well as different radiation modalities such as photons and pro...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Advanced Neuroimaging for Advanced Radiation Therapy
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Guest Editor Commentary Source Type: research

Hearing Loss From Congenital Zika Virus Infection
No abstract available (Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - February 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research