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Neurologic Emergencies during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Although minor neurologic complications of coronavirus disease 2019 are common, life-threatening neurologic emergencies are rare. Acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, venous sinus thrombosis, seizures, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome have been described. Hospitals have seen significant changes in the volume of patients presenting with neurologic emergencies. We review what has thus far been published about the intersection of coronavirus disease 2019 and neurologic emergencies with particular attention to cerebrovascular disease and seizure. Considerations in managing the acute presentations of...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - March 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Julie G. Shulman, Thomas Ford, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian Source Type: research

Assistance and health care provided to adolescents with chronic and immunosuppressive conditions in a tertiary university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed increased morbidity and mortality rates and worse prognosis in individuals with underlying chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. There is also evidence of possible links among COVID-19, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Emerging evidence suggests a pro-inflammatory milieu and hypercoagulable state in patients with this infection. Despite anticoagulation, a large proportion of patients requiring intensive care may develop life-threatening thrombotic complications. Indeed, the levels of some marke...
Source: Clinics - March 24, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Endovascular Thrombectomy of COVID-19-Related Large Vessel Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Summary of the Literature
ConclusionDespite angiographically successful EVT of LVOs in the majority of patients, this literature analysis demonstrates overall poor outcomes and high mortality in COVID-19 patients post EVT. An unusual incidence of early intracerebral proximal arterial re-occlusion was notable.
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 8, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Stroke and presence of patent foramen ovale in sickle cell disease
AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic hemoglobinopathy characterized by formation of sickle erythrocytes under conditions of deoxygenation. Sickle erythrocytes can lead to thrombus formation and vaso-occlusive episodes that may result in hemolytic anemia, pain crisis and multiple organ damage. Moreover, SCD is characterized by endothelial damage, increased inflammatory response, platelet activation and aggravation, and activation of both the intrinsic and the extrinsic coagulation pathways. Cerebrovascular events constitute an important clinical complication of SCD. Children with SCD have a 300-fold h...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - February 26, 2021 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Simultaneous cardio-cerebral infarction in the coronavirus disease pandemic era: A case series
Conclusion: Early recognition and immediate treatment is important in different scenarios leading to thrombosis as the outcome. Additionally, addressing the unknown risks that could contribute to our traditional understanding of these causative mechanisms is important. The hypothesis of exacerbated damage caused by inflammatory and immunological endothelial systemic damage should further be explored to be able to delineate new possibilities in managing these conditions.
Source: Medicine - January 29, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Clinical Case Report Source Type: research

Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVI...
Source: Journal of Neurology - January 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mortality of covid-19 patients with vascular thrombotic complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The venous thromboembolic risk in these patients is greater than the arterial, but arterial thrombosis when it occurs was associated with high mortality rates. Survival was better in patients with DVT and PE than in patients with ischemic stroke or PAT. PMID: 33342556 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Medicina Clinica - December 23, 2020 Category: General Medicine Tags: Med Clin (Barc) Source Type: research

Spectrum of neuroimaging findings in COVID-19.
Abstract An outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in China in December 2019, and rapidly spread to become a worldwide pandemic. Neurological complications encountered in hospitalized patients include acute arterial ischemic cerebrovascular stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds, hypertensive hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis/flare up of infections, flare up of multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, cerebral hemodynamic/hypoxic changes such as watershed ischemic changes and hypoxic ischemic encephalo...
Source: The British Journal of Radiology - December 13, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: El Beltagi AH, Vattoth S, Abdelhady M, Ahmed I, Paksoy Y, Abou Kamar M, Alsoub H, Almaslamani M, Alkhal AL, Own A, Elsotouhy A Tags: Br J Radiol Source Type: research

Characteristics of Large-Vessel Occlusion Associated with COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke INTERVENTIONAL
SUMMARY: The mechanisms and phenotype of ischemic stroke associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ischemic stroke from March 1 to May 25, 2020, and cases with large-vessel occlusion were identified. To provide baseline institutional stroke data within and outside the COVID-19 pandemic, all consecutive ischemic stroke and TIA admissions (COVID and non-COVID) to the hospital during a 10-week period from March 1 to May 10, 2020, were collected and compared with data from the same time period in 2019. Among 20 patients wi...
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - December 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: John, S., Kesav, P., Mifsud, V. A., Piechowski-Jozwiak, B., Dibu, J., Bayrlee, A., Elkambergy, H., Roser, F., Elhammady, M. S., Zahra, K., Hussain, S. I. Tags: INTERVENTIONAL Source Type: research

Neurosurgery in times of a pandemic: a survey of neurosurgical services during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Veneto region in Italy.
CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study describes the effects of a COVID-19 outbreak on neurosurgical activities in a vast region in Italy. Remodulation of neurosurgical activities has resulted in a significant reduction of elective and emergency surgeries compared to previous years. Most likely this is a combined result of cancellation of elective and postponable surgeries, increase of conservative management, increase in social restrictions, and in patients' fear of accessing hospitals. Curiously, only endovascular procedures for AIS have increased, possibly due to reduced physical activity or increased thrombosis in SARS-Co...
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Raneri F, Rustemi O, Zambon G, Del Moro G, Magrini S, Ceccaroni Y, Basso E, Volpin F, Cappelletti M, Lardani J, Ferraresi S, Guida F, Chioffi F, Pinna G, Canova G, d'Avella D, Sala F, Volpin L Tags: Neurosurg Focus Source Type: research

Intracranial hemorrhage in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Case Series
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with almost 30 million confirmed worldwide cases. Prothrombotic complications arising from those affected with severe symptoms have been reported in various medical journals. Currently, clinical trials are underway to address the questions regarding anticoagulation dosing strategies to prevent thrombosis for these critically ill patients. However, given the increasing use of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients admitted with COVID-19 to curtail this prothrombotic state, our institution has witnessed six cases of devastating intracrania...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 31, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Fady Mousa-Ibrahim, Stephanie Berg, Oluwatobi Odetola, Michael Teitcher, Sean Ruland Source Type: research

Covid-19 and major organ thromboembolism: manifestations in neurovascular and cardiovascular systems.
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been shown to cause multisystemic damage. We undertook a systematic literature review and comprehensive analysis of a total of 55 articles on arterial and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and articles on previous pandemics with respect to thromboembolism and compared the similarities and differences between them. The presence of thrombosis in multiple organ systems points to thromboembolism being an integral component in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Presaad Pillai, Joyce Pauline Joseph, Nurul Huda Mohamad Fadzillah, Masliza Mahmod Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2; a multinational case series
We present a series of CVST cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods In a multinational retrospective study, we collected all cases of CVST in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients admitted to nine tertiary stroke centers from the beginning of the pandemic to June 30th, 2020. We compared the demographics, clinical and radiological characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of these patients with a control group of non-SARS-CoV-2 infected CVST patients in the same seasonal period of the years 2012 –2016 from the country where the majority of cases were recruited.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ashkan Mowla, Banafsheh Shakibajahromi, Shima Shahjouei, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Nasrin Rahimian, Humain Baharvahdat, Soheil Naderi, Fariborz Khorvash, Davar Altafi, Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh, Ghasem Farahmand, Alaleh Vaghefi Far, Vijay K. Sharma, Saeideh Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with thrombosis and ischemic stroke: A review COVID-19, thrombosis, and ischemic stroke
This review of current literature provides background to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an examination of potential pathophysiologic mechanisms behind development of thrombosis and ischemic stroke related to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-documented to cause severe pneumonia, however, thrombosis and thrombotic complications, such as ischemic stroke, have also been documented in a variety of patient demographics. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause a significant inflammatory response, as well as invasion of vascular endothelial cells, resulting in endothelial dysfunction.
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - September 28, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Jonathan Snell Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with thrombosis and ischemic stroke: a review
This review of current literature provides background to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an examination of potential pathophysiologic mechanisms behind development of thrombosis and ischemic stroke related to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-documented to cause severe pneumonia, however, thrombosis and thrombotic complications, such as ischemic stroke, have also been documented in a variety of patient demographics. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause a significant inflammatory response, as well as invasion of vascular endothelial cells, resulting in endothelial dysfunction.
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - September 28, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Jonathan Snell Source Type: research

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