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Infectious Disease: Pandemics

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Total 181 results found since Jan 2013.

COVID-19-Related Stroke
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with neurological symptoms and complications including stroke. There is hypercoagulability associated with COVID-19 that is likely a “sepsis-induced coagulopathy” and may predispose to stroke. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) present on brain endothelial and smooth muscle cells. ACE2 is a key part of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and a counterbalance to angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is proinflammatory, is vasoconstrictive, and promotes organ damage. Depletion of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 may tip the...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines
Development of safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains the cornerstone of controlling this pandemic. However, there are increasing reports of various types of stroke including ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, as well ascerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after COVID-19 vaccination. This paper aims to review reports of stroke associated with COVID-19 vaccines and provide a coherent clinical picture of this condition. Most of such patients are women under 60 years of age and who had received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Maryam Kakovan, Samaneh Ghorbani Shirkouhi, Mojtaba Zarei, Sasan Andalib Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Care for Patients with Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Suggestions for Preventing Secondary Stroke
Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes the development of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and associated clinical symptoms, which typically presents as an upper respiratory syndrome such as pneumonia. Growing evidence indicates an increased prevalence of neurological involvement (e.g., in the form of stroke) during virus infection. COVID-19 has been suggested to be more than a lung infection because it affects the vasculature of the lungs and other organs and increases the risk of thrombosis.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Chien-Chih Wang, Jian-Kang Chao, Mong-Lien Wang, Yi-Ping Yang, Chien-Shiu Chien, Wei-Yi Lai, Yi-Chiang Yang, Yu-Hui Chang, Chen-Liang Chou, Chung-Lan Kao Source Type: research

Characteristics and comparisons of acute stroke in “recovered & quot; to “active COVID-19 and “pre-pandemic” in Qatar database
AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of COVID-19 to stroke is important. We compare characteristics of pre-pandemic stroke (PPS), cases in acute COVID infection (CS) and in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection (RCS). We interrogated the Qatar stroke database for all stroke admissions between Jan 2020 and Feb 2021 (PPS) to CS and RCS to determine how COVID-19 affected ischemic stroke sub-types, clinical course, and outcomes prior to, during and post-pandemic peak. There were 3264 cases admitted (pre-pandemic: 3111, stroke in COVID-19: 60 and recovered COVID-19 stroke: 93). Patients with CS were significantl...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - March 4, 2022 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Characteristics of Large-Vessel Occlusion Associated with COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke INTERVENTIONAL
SUMMARY: The mechanisms and phenotype of ischemic stroke associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ischemic stroke from March 1 to May 25, 2020, and cases with large-vessel occlusion were identified. To provide baseline institutional stroke data within and outside the COVID-19 pandemic, all consecutive ischemic stroke and TIA admissions (COVID and non-COVID) to the hospital during a 10-week period from March 1 to May 10, 2020, were collected and compared with data from the same time period in 2019. Among 20 patients wi...
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - December 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: John, S., Kesav, P., Mifsud, V. A., Piechowski-Jozwiak, B., Dibu, J., Bayrlee, A., Elkambergy, H., Roser, F., Elhammady, M. S., Zahra, K., Hussain, S. I. Tags: INTERVENTIONAL Source Type: research

COVID-19 Impact on Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment at 9 Comprehensive Stroke Centers across Los Angeles
Conclusion: LAC saw a decrease in overall stroke code activations in 2020 compared to 2019. Reperfusion treatment times remained comparable to prepandemic metrics. There has been an increase in severe stroke incidence and higher volume of thrombectomy treatments in Latinx communities within LAC during the pandemic of 2020. More patients were discharged home, less patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities, and more patients expired in 2020, compared to the same time frame in 2019.Cerebrovasc Dis
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 on emergency attendance for stroke and acute myocardial infarction in Beijing, China
This study covered from 03/01/2018 to 06/03/2020, including 19  weeks of lockdown period and 99 weeks before. A segmented Poisson regression model was used to estimate the immediate change and the monthly change in the secular trend of the emergency attendance rates. The emergency attendance rates of stroke and AMI cut in half at the beginning of the lockdown period, with 52.1% (95% CI 45.8% to 57.7%) and 63.1% (95% CI 56.1% to 63.1%) immediate decreases for stroke and AMI, respectively. Then during the lockdown period, 7.0% (95% CI 2.5%, 11.6%) and 16.1% (95% CI 9.5, 23.1) increases per month in the secular trends of em...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - April 26, 2021 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Stroke Treatment in the Era of COVID-19: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of stroke in the era of COVID-19.Recent FindingsCOVID-19 is associated with myriad neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disease. While ischemic stroke is the most common, COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, arterial dissection, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of stroke due to COVID-19. In addition, we describe how COVID-19 has changed th...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Treatments in Ischemic Stroke: Current and Future
Background and Aim: Despite progress made over the last 30 years, stroke is still a leading cause of disability and mortality; likewise, its burden is expected to increase over the next decades, due to population growth and aging. The development of drugs with better safety-efficacy profiles as well as strategies able to improve ischemic stroke management from the pre-hospital setting is needed.Summary: The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves multiple pathways resulting in cerebral artery obstruction and brain tissue ischemia. To date, the only approved drug for acute ischemic stroke is intravenous thrombolytic alt...
Source: European Neurology - August 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hyperacute stroke treatment: experience from a comprehensive stroke centre in Singapore
AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving and affecting healthcare systems across the world. Singapore has escalated its alert level to Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) Orange, signifying severe disease with community spread. We aimed to study the overall volume of AIS cases and the delivery of hyperacute stroke services during DORSCON Orange. This was a single-centre, observational cohort study performed at a comprehensive stroke centre responsible for AIS cases in the western region of Singapore, as well as providing care for COVID-19 patients. All AIS patients revie...
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - July 12, 2020 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Pathomechanism and Management of Stroke in COVID-19: Review of Immunopathogenesis, Coagulopathy, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Downregulation of ACE2
J Clin Neurol. 2021 Apr;17(2):155-163. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.155.ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reportedly manifest as an acute stroke, with most cases presenting as large vessel ischemic stroke in patients with or without comorbidities. The exact pathomechanism of stroke in COVID-19 remains ambiguous. The findings of previous studies indicate that the most likely underlying mechanisms are cerebrovascular pathological conditions following viral infection, inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability. Acute endothelial damage due to inflammation triggers a coagulation cascade, t...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurology - April 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Putu Lohita Rahmawati Kumara Tini Ni Made Susilawathi I A Sri Wijayanti Dpg Purwa Samatra Source Type: research