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Endogenous reparative pluripotent Muse cells with a unique immune privilege system: Hint at a new strategy for controlling acute and chronic inflammation
Multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells, non-tumorigenic endogenous pluripotent stem cells, reside in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and connective tissue as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+) cells. They express other pluripotent markers, including Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2 at moderate levels, differentiate into triploblastic lineages, self-renew at a single cell level, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts contain several percent of SSEA-3(+)-Muse cells. Circulating Muse cells, either endogenous or administered exogenously, selectively ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 19, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Insights of Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Prospective Cell-Free Regenerative Medicine for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Oct 29. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02603-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, adult stem cells which are found in numerous tissues like the umbilical cord, Wharton's jelly, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. They possess the capacity of self-renewal by dividing and differentiating into various cellular lineages. Their characteristic therapeutic potential exploited so far has made them a desirable candidate in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral...
Source: Cell Research - October 29, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: P Vatsa R Negi U A Ansari V K Khanna A B Pant Source Type: research

Toll ‐like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol‐induced brain damage
AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine-rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP-1 and NF- κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendrogl...
Source: IUBMB Life - June 4, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Mar ía Pascual, Maria Calvo‐Rodriguez, Lucía Núñez, Carlos Villalobos, Juan Ureña, Consuelo Guerri Tags: CRITICAL REVIEW Source Type: research

Toll ‐like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and alcohol‐induced brain damage
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: IUBMB Life - May 26, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Mar ía Pascual, Maria Calvo‐Rodriguez, Lucía Núñez, Carlos Villalobos, Juan Ureña, Consuelo Guerri Tags: CRITICAL REVIEW Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Inflammation in CNS Neurodegenerative Diseases.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29513402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Immunology - March 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

3K3A –activated protein C stimulates postischemic neuronal repair by human neural stem cells in mice
Nature Medicine 22, 1050 (2016). doi:10.1038/nm.4154 Authors: Yaoming Wang, Zhen Zhao, Sanket V Rege, Min Wang, Gabriel Si, Yi Zhou, Su Wang, John H Griffin, Steven A Goldman & Berislav V Zlokovic Activated protein C (APC) is a blood protease with anticoagulant activity and cell-signaling activities mediated by the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (F2R, also known as PAR1) and F2RL1 (also known as PAR3) via noncanonical cleavage. Recombinant variants of APC, such as the 3K3A-APC (Lys191–193Ala) mutant in which three Lys residues (KKK191–193) were replaced with alanine, and/or its other mutan...
Source: Nature Medicine - August 21, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yaoming Wang Zhen Zhao Sanket V Rege Min Wang Gabriel Si Yi Zhou Su Wang John H Griffin Steven A Goldman Berislav V Zlokovic Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Endovascular repair of pseudoaneurysms after open surgery for aortic coarctation
CONCLUSIONS Endovascular treatment of post-coarctation pseudoaneurysms is feasible in elective and emergency cases, yielding durable results in the long term. Due to anatomical specifics, implantation may be challenging and requires careful procedural planning. On-site cardiothoracic surgery backup is essential in case open conversion is required.
Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery - December 26, 2015 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Kotelis, D., Bischoff, M. S., Rengier, F., Ruhparwar, A., Gorenflo, M., Böckler, D. Tags: Pericardium Adult Cardiac Source Type: research

Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Stroke/Brain Trauma: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications
Abstract Cannabinoids form a singular family of plant-derived compounds (phytocannabinoids), endogenous signaling lipids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic derivatives with multiple biological effects and therapeutic applications in the central and peripheral nervous systems. One of these properties is the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and survival, which is the result of the combination of a myriad of effects addressed to preserve, rescue, repair, and/or replace neurons, and also glial cells against multiple insults that may potentially damage these cells. These effects are facilitated by the location of spec...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - August 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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