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Total 324 results found since Jan 2013.

Pretreatment of Mouse Neural Stem Cells with Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 Interferes with NF-κB p65 Signaling and Suppresses Iron Overload-Induced Apoptosis.
Abstract Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising approach to repair the damaged brain after hemorrhagic stroke; however, it is largely limited by the poor survival of donor cells. Breakdown products of the hematoma and subsequent iron overload contribute to the impairment of survival of neural cells. There is little information regarding the mechanism involved in the death of grafted cells. Furthermore, therapeutic research targeted to improving the survival of grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) is strikingly lacking. Here, we showed that iron overload induced apoptosis of C17.2 cells, a cell line orig...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - March 10, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xie Z, Han P, Cui Z, Wang B, Zhong Z, Sun Y, Yang G, Sun Q, Bian L Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

Nuclear translocation of histone deacetylase 4 induces neuronal death in stroke.
Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications play critical roles in the survival/death of stressed neurons. Chief among these modifications is the deacetylation of histones within the chromatin by histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC4 is highly expressed in neurons and is usually trapped in cytosol. However, tightly regulated signal-dependent shuttling of this molecule between cytosol and nucleus occurs. Here, we studied the intracellular trafficking of HDAC4 and regulatory mechanisms during stroke. HDAC4 translocated from the cytosol into the nucleus of neurons in response to stroke induced by ...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - March 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yuan H, Denton K, Liu L, Li XJ, Benashski S, McCullough L, Li J Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Drp‐1, a potential therapeutic target for brain ischemic stroke
Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings that Drp‐1 may increase the resistance of neurons of hippocampal CA3 affected by global ischemia and the tolerance conferred by IPC highlight Drp‐1 as a potential target for translocation to effective therapy for brain ischemic stroke.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - February 24, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: W Zuo, P F Yang, J Chen, Z Zhang, N H Chen Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

Conventional protein kinase Cβ‐mediated phosphorylation inhibits collapsin response‐mediated protein 2 proteolysis and alleviates ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke‐induced mice
In this study, we explored the regulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and proteolysis by cPKCβ, and their role in ischemic injury of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)‐treated cortical neurons and brains of mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced ischemic stroke. The results demonstrated that cPKCβ‐mediated CRMP2 phosphorylation via the cPKCβ‐selective activator 12‐deoxyphorbol 13‐phenylacetate 20‐acetate (DOPPA) and inhibition of calpain‐mediated CRMP2 proteolysis by calpeptin and a fusing peptide containing TAT peptide and the calpain cleavage site of CRMP2 (TAT‐CRMP2) protected neurons again...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - February 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Xuan Yang, Xinxin Zhang, Yun Li, Song Han, David W. Howells, Shujuan Li, Junfa Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Neuron specific enolase: a promising therapeutic target in acute spinal cord injury
Abstract Enolase is a multifunctional protein, which is expressed abundantly in the cytosol. Upon stimulatory signals, enolase can traffic to cell surface and contribute to different pathologies including injury, autoimmunity, infection, inflammation, and cancer. Cell-surface expression of enolase is often detected on activated macrophages, microglia/macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, promoting extracellular matrix degradation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and invasion of inflammatory cells in the sites of injury and inflammation. Inflammatory stimulation also induces translocation of ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - February 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

cPKCβ‐mediated phosphorylation inhibits CRMP2 proteolysis and alleviates ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke‐induced mice
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - January 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xuan Yang, Xinxin Zhang, Yun Li, Song Han, David W. Howells, Shujuan Li, Junfa Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Protocatechualdehyde Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Injury Via Protein Kinase Cε/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Abstract Oxidative stress is closely related to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) is a phenolic acid compound that has the putative antioxidant activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the antioxidative effect of PCA against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The experiment stroke model was produced in Sprague–Dawley rats via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To model ischemia-like conditions in vitro, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Treatment with PCA sign...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The emerging role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Zhenxing Liang, Guiling Wu, Chongxi Fan, Jing Xu, Shuai Jiang, Xiaolong Yan, Shouyin Di, Zhiqiang Ma, Wei Hu, Yang Yang Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) comprise a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that mediate intracellular signaling. This signaling is typically generated at cell surface receptors, the activation of which results in the translocation of STATs to the nucleus. STATs are involved in biological events as diverse as embryonic development, programmed cell death, organoge...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - January 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Coarse-Grained Simulations of Topology-Dependent Mechanisms of Protein Unfolding and Translocation Mediated by ClpY ATPase Nanomachines
by Andrea N. Kravats, Sam Tonddast-Navaei, George Stan Clp ATPases are powerful ring shaped nanomachines which participate in the degradation pathway of the protein quality control system, coupling the energy from ATP hydrolysis to threading substrate proteins (SP) through their narrow central pore. Repetitive cycles of sequential intra-ring ATP hydrolysis events induce axial excursions of diaphragm-forming central pore loops that effect the application of mechanical forces onto SPs to promote unfolding and translocation. We perform Langevin dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained model of the ClpY ATPase-SP system to el...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - January 6, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Andrea N. Kravats et al. Source Type: research

Obesity and hyperglycemia lead to impaired post-ischemic recovery after permanent ischemia in mice.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that impaired Wnt signaling and active apoptosis result in reduced post-stroke recovery in obese and hyperglycemic mice. PMID: 26694743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Obesity - December 23, 2015 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Tulsulkar J, Nada SE, Slotterbeck BD, McInerney MF, Shah ZA Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: research

Andrographolide stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-heme oxygenase 1 signaling in primary cerebral endothelial cells for definite protection against ischemic stroke in rats.
In conclusion, andrographolide increased Nrf2-HO-1 expression through p38 MAPK regulation, confirming that it provides protection against MCAO-induced brain injury. These findings provide strong evidence that andrographolide could be a therapeutic agent for treating ischemic stroke or neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 26746802 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Translational Research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine - December 17, 2015 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Yen TL, Chen RJ, Jayakumar T, Lu WJ, Hsieh CY, Hsu MJ, Yang CH, Chang CC, Lin YK, Lin KH, Sheu JR Tags: Transl Res Source Type: research

The protective role of Isorhamnetin on human brain microvascular endothelial cells from cytotoxicity induced by methylglyoxal and oxygen glucose deprivation
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Wenlu Li, Zhigang Chen, Min Yan, Ping He, Zhong Chen, Haibin Dai Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits inflammation and brain damage in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischaemia
Conclusions and ImplicationsCinnamaldehyde protects against cerebral ischaemia injury by inhibiting inflammation, partly mediated by reducing the expression of toll‐like receptor 4, tumour necrosis receptor‐associated factor 6 and the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Our findings suggest that cinnamaldehyde may serve as a new candidate for further development as a treatment for stroke.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - October 14, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jingru Zhao, Xiangjian Zhang, Lipeng Dong, Ya Wen, Xiufen Zheng, Cong Zhang, Rong Chen, Ye Zhang, Yaoru Li, Tingting He, Xingyuan Zhu, Litao Li Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

Human Physiology in an Aquatic Environment.
Authors: Pendergast DR, Moon RE, Krasney JJ, Held HE, Zamparo P Abstract Water covers over 70% of the earth, has varying depths and temperatures and contains much of the earth's resources. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) or submersion at various depths (diving) in water of thermoneutral (TN) temperature elicits profound cardiorespiratory, endocrine, and renal responses. The translocation of blood into the thorax and elevation of plasma volume by autotransfusion of fluid from cells to the vascular compartment lead to increased cardiac stroke volume and output and there is a hyperperfusion of some tissues. Pulmonary ...
Source: Comprehensive Physiology - October 3, 2015 Category: Physiology Tags: Compr Physiol Source Type: research

Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761®) Inhibits Glutamate‐induced Up‐regulation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Through Inhibition of c‐Fos Translocation in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons
In this study, we investigated the effects of EGb 761 on the basal and glutamate‐induced activity and expression of tPA in rat primary cortical neurons. Under basal condition, EGb 761 inhibited both secreted and cellular tPA activities, without altering tPA mRNA level, as modulated by the activation of p38. Compared with basal condition, EGb 761 inhibited the glutamate‐induced up‐regulation of tPA mRNA resulting in the normalization of overt tPA activity and expression. c‐Fos is a component of AP‐1, which plays a critical role in the modulation of tPA expression. Interestingly, EGb 761 inhibited c‐Fos nuclear t...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - October 1, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kyu Suk Cho, Ian Myungwon Lee, Seobo Sim, Eun Joo Lee, Edson Luck Gonzales, Jong Hoon Ryu, Jae Hoon Cheong, Chan Young Shin, Kyoung Ja Kwon, Seol‐Heui Han Tags: Research Article Source Type: research