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Psychosis Polyrisk Score (PPS) for the Detection of Individuals At-Risk and the Prediction of Their Outcomes
Conclusions The combination of risk/protective factors encompassing genetic (PRS) and non-genetic information (PPS) holds promise for overcoming the epidemiological weakness of the CHR-P paradigm. The PPS conceptually and empirically developed here will facilitate future research in this field and hopefully advance our ability to detect individuals at-risk for psychosis and forecast their clinical outcomes. Ethics Statement This study was supported by the King's College London Confidence in Concept award from the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MC_PC_16048) to PF-P. This study also represents independent researc...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Multifractal Desynchronization of the Cardiac Excitable Cell Network During Atrial Fibrillation. II. Modeling
In this study, we elaborate on a tentative interpretation of the observed intermittent dynamics during AF as the signature of synaptic plasticity. Typical individual GJC transition times between open and closed states were shown to be much longer than those of membrane polarization but compare well with membrane recovery time (≳ 100ms) (Spray et al., 1984; Neyton and Trautmann, 1986; Wang et al., 1992; Bukauskas and Verselis, 2004; Desplantez et al., 2007). Moreover, slow gating modulations have been evidenced due to cytoplasmic protons (low pH) and free calcium (Spray et al., 1984; Burt and Sray, 1988; Kumar and G...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Beta Amyloid Deposition Is Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
In this study, we used a well-validated visual assessment to clinically rate scans as being amyloid positive or negative (38). As there is not an accepted threshold based on standardized centiloid reference regions, we defined an amyloid positivity centiloid cut-off threshold in our sample. Our cut-off (CL = 31.3, SUVR = 1.21) corresponds well to the estimated value proposed by Rowe and colleagues (34) in the context of AD (CL = 25–30), however our estimated threshold may be biased by the low number of Aβ positive patients. Our results suggest a lower prevalence of amyloid-positive PDD individuals than in ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Conclusion tES may prove valuable for modulating applied task performance, though research in this area warrants careful consideration of several individual-, context-, and task-related factors that may predict the robustness and directionality of tES effects. Whereas most applied research with tES has administered tDCS, tACS and tRNS have also shown potential to modulate cortical activity and behavior. Even in highly applied and dynamic tasks, such as navigation and driving, tES appears to carry some performance benefits. This is compelling because as tES is slowly incorporated into highly complex real-world environments...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Regulation of Tau Protein on the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the “Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University.” The protocol was approved by the “Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University.”Author ContributionsXWu and GW conceived and designed the experiments. YLi, RD, XR, WR, HYa, and YT performed the experiments. HYu, XZ, JY and XWa helped to analyze and interpret the data. GW drafted the manuscript. XWu, EX, YLu, and GZ provided critical revisions. All the authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.FundingThe present stu...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Long-term outcomes of stand-alone Maze IV for persistent/long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation
ConclusionsThis study confirmed the safety and efficacy at long-term (7 years) of the stand-alone Maze IV surgical procedure for persistent/long-standing persistent AF. Indeed, more than 70% of the pts were in SR off class I/III AADs and off oral anticoagulation.Graphical abstract
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - July 18, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Long-term outcomes of stand-alone Maze IV for persistent/long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the safety and efficacy at long-term (7 years) of the stand-alone Maze IV surgical procedure for persistent/long-standing persistent AF. Indeed, more than 70% of the pts were in SR off class I/III AADs and off oral anticoagulation. PMID: 31325420 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - July 16, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Lapenna E, De Bonis M, Giambuzzi I, Del Forno B, Ruggeri S, Cireddu M, Gulletta S, Castiglioni A, Alfieri O, Della Bella P, Benussi S Tags: Ann Thorac Surg Source Type: research

Mental Ills May Put Veterans at Higher Odds for Heart Trouble
TUESDAY, Sept. 24, 2019 -- Veterans who suffer from depression, anxiety, psychosis or bipolar disorder are more likely to suffer a heart attack, stroke or die from heart disease, a new study finds. Those who have most severe mental health problems,...
Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews - September 24, 2019 Category: General Medicine Source Type: news

The Dynamics of Microglial Polarization Reveal the Resident Neuroinflammatory Responses After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microglial reaction in an endovascular perforated SAH model. By using the Cx3cr1GFP/GFP Ccr2RFP/RFP transgenic mice, we found that the reactive immune cells were largely from resident microglia pool rather than infiltrating macrophages. Immunostaining and real-time PCR were employed to analyze the temporal microglial polarization and the resulting inflammatory responses. Our results showed that microglia accumulated immediately after SAH with a centrifugal spreading through the Cortex Adjacent to the Perforated Site (CAPS) to the remote motor cortex. Microglia polarized dynami...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Long-term Outcomes of Stand-Alone Maze IV for Persistent or Long-standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
ConclusionsThis study confirmed the safety and efficacy in the long term (7 years) of the stand-alone Cox-Maze IV surgical procedure for persistent or long-standing persistent AF. Indeed, more than 70% of the patients were in sinus rhythm off class I or III AADs and off oral anticoagulation.Visual Abstract
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - December 14, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

The Prevalence and Factors Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Use in US Nursing Home Residents
ConclusionsAED use was common in nursing homes, with gabapentin most commonly used (presumably for pain). That multiple comorbidities were associated with AED use underscores the need for future studies to investigate the safety and effectiveness of AED use in nursing home residents.
Source: Drugs and Aging - December 15, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Lithium treatment mitigates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage through brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling in mice
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, occurs mainly in the basal ganglia and causes white matter injury (WMI), resulting in severe motor dysfunction and poor prognosis in patients. The preservation of the white matter around the hematoma is crucial for motor function recovery, but there is currently no effective treatment for WMI following ICH. Lithium has been widely used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades. Although the protective effects of lithium on neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral trauma have been studied in recent years, whether it can be used to ...
Source: Translational Research - December 26, 2019 Category: Research Authors: MINGXI LI, MIN XIA, WEIXIANG CHEN, JIE WANG, YI YIN, CHAO GUO, CHENGCHENG LI, XIAOQIN TANG, HENGLI ZHAO, QIANG TAN, YUJIE CHEN, ZHENGCAI JIA, XIN LIU, HUA FENG Source Type: research

Lithium treatment mitigates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage through brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in mice.
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, occurs mainly in the basal ganglia and causes white matter injury (WMI), resulting in severe motor dysfunction and poor prognosis in patients. The preservation of the white matter around the hematoma is crucial for motor function recovery, but there is currently no effective treatment for WMI following ICH. Lithium has been widely used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades. Although the protective effects of lithium on neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral trauma have been studied in recent years, whether ...
Source: Translational Research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine - December 26, 2019 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Li M, Xia M, Chen W, Wang J, Yin Y, Guo C, Li C, Tang X, Zhao H, Tan Q, Chen Y, Jia Z, Liu X, Feng H Tags: Transl Res Source Type: research

Neuroserpin in Bipolar Disorder.
CONCLUSION: Since we detected difference between the patients and the controls, not the disease states, the dysregulation in the neuroserpin gene could be interpreted as a result of the disease itself. PMID: 32003693 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - January 30, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Çınar RK Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: research

Safety and Tolerability of Ketamine Use in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression Patients with Regard to Central Nervous System Symptomatology: Literature Review and Analysis.
Abstract The current psychopharmacological treatment approaches for major depression focus on monoaminergic interventions, which are ineffective in a large proportion of patients. Globally, treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD) affects up to 33% of depressive patients receiving treatment. Certain needs are still unmet and require new approaches. Many studies are in favor of treatments with ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, even in single use, whose effects emerge in minutes to hours post administration. However, little data are available on ketamine performance in TRBD patients ...
Source: Medicina (Kaunas) - February 8, 2020 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Włodarczyk A, Cubała WJ Tags: Medicina (Kaunas) Source Type: research