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Perfusion Assessment in Critical Limb Ischemia: Principles for Understanding and the Development of Evidence and Evaluation of Devices: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Abstract There are >12 million patients with peripheral artery disease in the United States. The most severe form of peripheral artery disease is critical limb ischemia (CLI). The diagnosis and management of CLI is often challenging. Ethnic differences in comorbidities and presentation of CLI exist. Compared with white patients, black and Hispanic patients have higher prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease and are more likely to present with gangrene, whereas white patients are more likely to present with ulcers and rest pain. A thorough evaluation of limb perfusion is important in the ...
Source: Circulation - August 11, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Misra S, Shishehbor MH, Takahashi EA, Aronow HD, Brewster LP, Bunte MC, Kim ESH, Lindner JR, Rich K, American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Short-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of stroke in the Women's Health Initiative.
CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of post-menopausal US women, daily NO2 and NOx were associated with higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but ambient levels of four other air pollutants were not associated with higher risk of total stroke, ischemic stroke, or ischemic stroke subtypes. PMID: 31382185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Environment International - August 1, 2019 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sun S, Stewart JD, Eliot MN, Yanosky JD, Liao D, Tinker LF, Eaton CB, Whitsel EA, Wellenius GA Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) cohort of Brazilian patients in a university hospital
ABSTRACT Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is an important group of cryptogenic strokes that are in evidence due recent ongoing trials. We reviewed medical records at discharge from the stroke unit of all patients who met ESUS criteria and attended our institution between February 2016 and July 2017. Among 550 stroke patients, 51 had ESUS. We found that hypertension (60%), diabetes mellitus (34%), and smoking (36%) were the most prevalent risk factors. The mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were 7 at admission and 4 at discharge, while median scores on the modified Rankin scale were 0...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - June 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Retrospective Study of Comorbidities and Complications in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in the United States
ConclusionElderly AML patients had more comorbidities and higher rates of complications compared to non-cancer controls. Considering comorbidities and complications in elderly AML patients may improve clinical decision-making.
Source: Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia - April 30, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats
Conclusion Principal findings of this work are that abnormal Ca2+ transient amplitude, contractile dysfunction; and impaired relaxation of MetS cardiomyocytes underlies intrinsic dysfunctional RyR2 and SERCA pump. Abnormal activity of RyRs was evidenced by its decreased ability to bind [3H]-ryanodine. Although the MetS condition does not modify RyR2 protein expression, its phosphorylation at Ser2814 is decreased, which impairs its capacity for activation during ECC. The dysfunctional RyRs, together with a decreased activity of SERCA pump due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation suggest a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

A Retrospective Study of Comorbidities and Complications in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in the United States
There is limited information on the comorbidities and complications in elderly AML patients. In a sample of 3,911 AML patients ( ≥ 65 years) identified from the SEER-Medicare database, AML patients had more comorbidities, higher rates of complications, and a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stroke compared to matched non-cancer controls.
Source: Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia - April 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Authors: Neil Dhopeshwarkar, Shahed Iqbal, Xuehong Wang, Maribel Salas Tags: Original Study Source Type: research

Decreased CSF Levels of ß-Amyloid in Patients With Cortical Superficial Siderosis
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the presence and extent of cSS are associated with reduced CSF ß-amyloid 42 levels. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this association. Introduction Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)—characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal vessels—is a common cerebral small vessel disease and a major cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly (1–3). Furthermore, it has become evident that CAA is associated with cognitive impairment (4). Specifically, it has been shown that ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is significantly and positively correlated with increased risk of hypertension in Chinese population, and exact mechanisms of this association should be explored in future. Introduction Periodontal disease is a complex polymicrobial inflammation, including gingivitis and periodontitis. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis in 2015 has reached 616 million (Kassebaum et al., 2017). In China, the periodontal disease standardized DALYs rate has risen from 24.7 in 1990 to 25.7 in 2013 according to the data from 2013 GBD ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Hemodynamic Characteristics Associated With Paraclinoid Aneurysm Recurrence in Patients After Embolization
Conclusions: High peak systolic WSS, OSI and velocity around aneurysm neck areas after embolization of paraclinoidal aneurysms may be important factors leading to recurrence. Introduction Paraclinoid aneurysms are defined as aneurysms arising from the segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) between the distal dural ring and the origin of the posterior communicating artery. They account for approximately 1.3–5% of all intracranial aneurysms and they comprise the majority of such aneurysms in females (1–3). Hemodynamic characteristics are thought to be the most important risk factors for occurrence...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

World-Wide Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Our results show worldwide efficacy of BM-MSCs in improving functional outcomes in pre-clinical animal models of stroke and support testing these cells in clinical trials in various ranges of time windows using different delivery routes. The continued growing number of publications showing functional benefit of BM-MSCs are now adding limited value to an oversaturated literature spanning 18 years. Researchers should focus on identifying definitive mechanisms on how BM-MSCs lead to benefit in stroke models. Introduction Ischemic stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of long term di...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Genetic Variant of miR-34a Contributes to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke Among Chinese Population
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81560552, 81260234), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (2017JJA180826), Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (CN) (201601009) and Key Laboratory Open Project Fund of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (kfkt20160064). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be fou...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Atrial Transcriptional Profiles of Molecular Targets Mediating Electrophysiological Function in Aging and Pgc-1 β Deficient Murine Hearts
Conclusion: These findings limit the possible roles of gene transcriptional changes in previously reported age-dependent pro-arrhythmic electrophysiologial changes observed in Pgc-1β-/- atria to an altered Ca2+-ATPase (Atp2a2) expression. This directly parallels previously reported arrhythmic mechanism associated with p21-activated kinase type 1 deficiency. This could add to contributions from the direct physiological outcomes of mitochondrial dysfunction, whether through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or altered Ca2+ homeostasis. Introduction Atrial arrhythmias constitute a major public health pro...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion In summary, SSS extraction significantly ameliorates cerebral energy metabolism via boosting citrate cycle, which mainly embodies the enhancements of blood glucose concentration, glucose and lactate transportation and glucose utilization, as well as the regulations of relative enzymes activities in citrate cycle. These ameliorations ultimately resulted in numerous ATP yield after stroke, which improved neurological function and infarcted volume. Collectively, it suggests that SSS extraction has exerted advantageous effect in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ethics Statement All animal operations were accor...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

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