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Condition: Encephalitis
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Total 824 results found since Jan 2013.
Letter to the Editor: Pneumocephalus: Is the needle size significant?
Discussion. Pneumocephalus is defined by two mechanisms: a ball-valve and an inverted bottle concept.1 The ball-valve type implies positive pressure events, such as coughing or valsalva maneuvers, that prevent air escape. Tension pneumocephalus is included in this mechanism, causing a parenchymal mass effect. The inverted bottle theory includes a negative intracranial pressure gradient following cerebrospinal fluid drainage, relieved by air influx. A small pneumocephalus is usually sealed by blood clots or granulation, allowing spontaneous reabsorption and resolution.[1] Otherwise, the lateral positioning of a patient duri...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools CNS Infections Current Issue Letters to the Editor Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Neurology Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury epidural needle size Pneumocephalus spinal tap Source Type: research
A physician's story of his own illness: Aphasia from possible stroke but more likely from encephalitis.
PMID: 29686583 [PubMed]
Source: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings - January 1, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Lathan SR, Stuart D Tags: Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) Source Type: research
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis in association with acute stroke
A 60-year-old woman with no known medical history presented with acute-onset altered mental status and aphasia. She was in her usual state of health until the time of presentation. She was found to have left middle and posterior cerebral artery (MCA and PCA) acute ischemic strokes and subsequently developed refractory status epilepticus. CT angiography showed moderate stenosis of the proximal left internal carotid artery (ICA), occlusion of the right ICA at its origin, and near-complete occlusion of the left vertebral artery (figure). Strokes were attributed to large-vessel atherosclerotic disease in the setting of multipl...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - August 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaas, B., Zeiler, S. R., Bahouth, M. N., Llinas, R. H., Probasco, J. C. Tags: All Immunology, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke Case Source Type: research
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis radiographically mimicking lateral medullary stroke
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis may demonstrate unique MRI characteristics that allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - December 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Li, D., van Gaal, S. Tags: MRI, Encephalitis, Viral infections, HIV, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke Case Source Type: research
Dramatic improvement after decompressive craniectomy in a fulminant stroke-like case of herpes simplex encephalitis.
PMID: 30528146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Presse Medicale - December 7, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sellier A, Joubert C, Desse N, Bernard C, Faivre A, Dagain A Tags: Presse Med Source Type: research
HSV2 Encephalitis Presenting as Multifocal Hemorrhagic Stroke.
PMID: 32188516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences - March 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Mak G, Lu JQ, de Sa Boasquevisque D, Perera K Tags: Can J Neurol Sci Source Type: research
CNS inflammatory vasculopathy with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in COVID-19
A 44-year-old right-handed woman reported a gradual onset of right hand incoordination seven days after the onset of minor respiratory symptoms and pruritus due to COVID-19 infection. Over 48 hours, the patient developed word-finding difficulties and progression in right arm weakness leading to presentation to the emergency department as a suspected stroke.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Pinto, A. A., Carroll, L. S., Nar, V., Varatharaj, A., Galea, I. Tags: MRI, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Encephalitis, COVID-19 Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature
Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include encephalopathy, encephalitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and stroke [1], both as a result of direct viral invasion of the central nervous system [2 –5] and as a consequence of critical illness and systemic infection [6]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also cause significant changes in endothelial morphology, including disruption of intercellular junctions, cell swelling, and a loss of contact with the basal membrane [7].
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Pria Anand, K. H.Vincent Lau, David Y Chung, Deepti Virmani, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, Asim Mian, Courtney E. Takahashi Source Type: research
Presentations and mechanisms of CNS disorders related to COVID-19
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to severe respiratory symptoms, there are a growing number of reports showing a wide range of CNS complications in patients with COVID-19. Here, we review the literature on these complications, ranging from nonspecific symptoms to necrotizing encephalopathies, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, endotheliitis, and stroke. We postulate that there are several different mechanisms involved in COVID-19–associated CNS dysfunction, particularly activation of inflammatory and thro...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Bodro, M., Compta, Y., Sanchez-Valle, R. Tags: Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Encephalitis, COVID-19 Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research
Acute ischemic stroke in a pediatric patient with known exposure to COVID-19 and positive serology
Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatrics are not well understood. Recently, Kaur et al. reported a child with transverse myelitis and McAbee et al. described a child with seizures and encephalitis, in the setting of an acute COVID-19 infection.1,2 Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and focal cerebral arteriopathy have also been reported.3
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Min Ye Shen, Rachelle Dugue, Angel R. Maldonado-Soto, Kiran T. Thakur, Israel Zyskind, Wendy S. Vargas Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report
Radiol Case Rep. 2022 May 8;17(7):2428-2431. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.04.019. eCollection 2022 Jul.ABSTRACTMitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome presents with the features of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), which is rare and has been described in only a few case reports. Our case describes a 17-year-old female with no significant previous medical history presenting with an acute onset of fever, headache, and epilepsy, similar to HSE. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated gyriform...
Source: Herpes - May 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wen-Gao Zeng Wan-Min Liao Jue Hu Su-Fen Chen Zhen Wang Source Type: research
Stroke-like presentation of autoimmune chorea with positive anti-Yo and anti-MOG antibodies: a case report
AbstractWith the in-depth study of autoimmune encephalitis, more and more antibody combinations and clinical manifestations appear in our sights, enriching the spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis. Here, we report a case of a 58-year-old male patient with sudden involuntary movement of the left limb. The brain MRI was normal. CSF analysis showed slightly elevated protein (548.38 mg/L) and normal cell count(1.00 10^6/L). No tumors were detected by the whole-body PET-CT. Positive anti-Yo and anti-MOG antibodies were found in the blood. So we considered the diagnosis of autoimmune chorea with positive anti-Yo and anti-MOG a...
Source: Neurological Sciences - October 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic-acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome presenting as progressive supranuclear palsy
Clinical manifestations of MELAS are broad and include stroke-like episodes, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, headaches, hearing impairment, dementia, epilepsy, lactic acidemia, cyclic vomiting, diabetes, and short stature. Most cases of MELAS present early in childhood, with only 1 –6% presenting after the age of 40 [1]. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder which can be mimicked by a variety of conditions, such as CADASIL, cerebrovascular disease, and autoimmune encephalitis [2].
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - July 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Reece M. Hass, Jennifer L. Whitwell, Elizabeth Y. Coon, Keith A. Josephs, Farwa Ali Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Herpes Simplex Virus Meningoencephalitis Masquerading as Acute Stroke With Broca's Aphasia: A Case Report
This report highlights the importance of considering herpes encephalitis as a potential etiology in patients presenting with atypical neurological symptoms, even in the absence of typical radiological findings. Early diagnosis and appropriate management with acyclovir are crucial in improving outcomes in such cases.PMID:37476130 | PMC:PMC10354683 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.40618
Source: Herpes - July 21, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gagandeep Singh Arora Don Phung Parneet Kaur Source Type: research
