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Total 122 results found since Jan 2013.

Inhibition of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 modulates dendritic arborization and spine maturation of cultured hippocampal neurons Neurobiology
An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms in synapse formation provides insight into both learning and memory and the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a protein methyltransferase that negatively regulates synaptic gene expression and inhibits neuronal differentiation. Despite its regulatory function in neurons, little is known about the CARM1 cellular location and its role in dendritic maturation and synapse formation. Here, we examined the effects of CARM1 inhibition on dendritic spine and synapse morphology in the rat hippocampus. CARM1 wa...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 14, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chol Seung Lim, Daniel L. Alkon Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-{beta}/SMAD cascade mitigates the anti-neurogenic effects of the carbamate pesticide carbofuran Neurobiology
The widely used carbamate pesticide carbofuran causes neurophysiological and neurobehavioral deficits in rodents and humans and therefore poses serious health hazards around the world. Previously, we reported that gestational carbofuran exposure has detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from neural stem cells (NSC), in offspring. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for carbofuran-impaired neurogenesis remain unknown. Herein, we observed that chronic carbofuran exposure from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21 altered expression of genes and transcription fact...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 24, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Brashket Seth, Anuradha Yadav, Swati Agarwal, Shashi Kant Tiwari, Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

Biglycan gene connects metabolic dysfunction with brain disorder
Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of DiseaseAuthor(s): Zhe Ying, Hyae Ran Byun, Qingying Meng, Emily Noble, Guanglin Zhang, Xia Yang, Fernando Gomez-PinillaAbstractDietary fructose is a major contributor to the epidemic of diabetes and obesity, and it is an excellent model to study metabolic syndrome. Based on previous studies that Bgn gene occupies a central position in a network of genes in the brain in response to fructose consumption, we assessed the capacity of Bgn to modulate the action of fructose on brain and body. We exposed male biglycan...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Basis of Disease - October 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Propofol Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/AMPK/ATF5 Signaling Axis.
CONCLUSIONS: The results from study demonstrated that propofol inhibits the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs, and these effects are partially mediated by CaMkII/pS485/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. PMID: 30303867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - October 9, 2018 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Liang C, Du F, Wang J, Cang J, Xue Z Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research

Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice
This study was designed to investigate whether euxanthone can confer neuroprotective activities against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and to determine the associated molecular mechanisms. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley (male) rats were exposed to sevoflurane with or without euxanthone treatment. The behavioral data of rats were collected at P41 (the beginning of the adult stage). The hippocampal tissue was obtained following exposure to sevoflurane. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the hippocampal tissue was determined by a commercial kit. The expression of apoptotic markers and inflammatory cytokines was determined...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - March 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Why Do Birds Flock? A Role for Opioids in the Reinforcement of Gregarious Social Interactions
Conclusion We propose that studies of songbirds reveal a novel network model for the integration of positive and negative reinforcement processes in non-sexual affiliative social behavior. Most studies on affiliative behavior focus on the positive affective state induced by social contact that rewards individuals interacting together. However, this review highlights that in social animals, affiliative contact is also reinforced because it reduces a negative affective state caused by social exclusion or isolation, thus creating a complementary system (i.e., positive reinforcement from affiliative interactions and negative ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

An Ensemble Strategy to Predict Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer Based on Gene Modules
Conclusion Considering the heterogeneity and complexity of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated a new method to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer based on the clustering information and gene co-expression network in each subtype of cancer patients. We divided the ovarian cancer data into three subtypes by clustering analysis and we found that the survival risks in these three subtypes were significantly different. We mined the important communities based on the co-expression networks in each subtype. There are 50, 73, and 92 communities in the first, second and third subtype, respectively. Next, we constructed a new ense...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 23, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Chd8 Rescued TBI-Induced Neurological Deficits by Suppressing Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Wnt Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASDs) share several same biochemical mechanisms and symptoms, such as learning memory impairments and communication deficits. Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8), a member of the CHD family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, is one of the top risk genetic factors in ASDs and is highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Yet, the possible effect of CHD8 on TBI remains poorly understood. In vivo, we found that Chd8 co-localized in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, but predominantly presented in neurons in the prefr...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - February 6, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen J, Wang H, Luo C, Gao C, Zhang Y, Chen G, Chen W, Chen X, Tao L Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside alleviated inflammatory damage by mitophagy via AMPK related PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
In conclusion, these phenomena suggested that TSG prevented LPS/ATP and Aβ-induced inflammation via AMPK/PINK1/Parkin-dependent enhancement of mitophagy. We found the neuroprotective effect of TSG, suggesting it may be beneficial for AD prevention and treatment by suppressing the activation of inflammation. PMID: 32353422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - April 26, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gao Y, Li J, Li J, Hu C, Zhang L, Yan J, Li L, Zhang L Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction is alleviated through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2.
Abstract Neuroinflammation plays a key role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Increased evidences indicate that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) can mitigate inflammatory response in the brain, and the aim of this study is to investigate whether TREM2 is involved in surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction in adult mice. We used adult C57BL/6 mice subjected to intramedullary fixation surgery, and found that surgery did not impair the motor ability of mice, but worsened the learning and memory function, and reduced the expression of TREM2. Meanwhile, up-regulated TREM2 expression...
Source: Acta Histochemica - May 3, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Niu W, Ma L, Tao T, Tian F, He T, Qiao M, He H, Liu X, Zhao X Tags: Acta Histochem Source Type: research

bFGF promotes neurological recovery from neonatal hypoxic –ischemic encephalopathy by IL‐1β signaling pathway‐mediated axon regeneration
ConclusionsWe showed that IL ‐1β‐mediated axon regeneration underlie the mechanism of bFGF for the treatment of HIBD in neonatal rats. Results from this study would provide insights and molecular basis for future therapeutics in treating HIBD.
Source: Brain and Behavior - June 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Zheng Ma, Fang Wang, Lu ‐Lu Xue, Ying‐Jie Niu, Yue Hu, Zhang‐Yu Su, Jin Huang, Rui‐Ze Niu, Ting‐Hua Wang, Ying‐Chun Ba, Liu‐Lin Xiong, Xue Bai Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

Brain Dicer1 Is Down-Regulated in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease Via Aβ42-Induced Repression of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2
This study may open new avenues for investigating potential pathognomonics and pathogenesis in AD.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-29a-3p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting HDAC4.
CONCLUSION: The study concludes that miR-29a-3p strengthened the effect of Dex on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with HIBD by inhibiting HDAC4. PMID: 33232741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - November 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Huang W, Xiao F, Huang W, Wei Q, Li X Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Melanocortin 1 receptor attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by controlling mitochondrial metabolism via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 α pathway in rats
Conclusions: The activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 significantly attenuated EBI after SAH by suppressing the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Source: Theranostics - January 15, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Weilin Xu, Jun Yan, Umut Ocak, Cameron Lenahan, Anwen Shao, Jiping Tang, Jianmin Zhang, John H. Zhang Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research