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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 193 results found since Jan 2013.

Critical role of TXNIP in oxidative stress, DNA damage and retinal pericyte apoptosis under high glucose: Implications for diabetic retinopathy.
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by early loss of retinal capillary pericytes and microvascular dysfunction. We recently showed that pro-oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated in rat retinas in experimental diabetes and mediates inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesize here that TXNIP up-regulation in pericyte plays a causative role in oxidative stress and apoptosis under sustained high glucose exposure in culture. We maintained a rat retinal capillary pericyte cell line (TR-rPCT1) for 5 days under low glucose (LG, 5....
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Devi TS, Hosoya KI, Terasaki T, Singh LP Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Mycophenolic acid regulates spleen tyrosine kinase to repress tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced monocyte chemotatic protein-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells.
Abstract Atherosclerosis develops from cascades of inflammatory processes. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and monocyte chemotatic protein-1 (MCP-1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti-inflammatory effect. We have investigated whether MPA regulates Syk to repress tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced MCP-1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA and its protein were measured by real time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured using 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate...
Source: Cell Biology International - January 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Koo TY, Kim YJ, Yang WS, Park JS, Han NJ, Lee JM, Park SK Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Hirsutanol A, a novel sesquiterpene compound from fungus Chondrostereum sp., induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth through mitochondrial-independent ROS production: Hirsutanol A inhibits tumor growth through ROS production
Conclusion: These data suggested that hirsutanol A inhibited tumor growth through triggering ROS production and apoptosis.
Source: BioMed Central - February 8, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fen YangWen-Dan ChenRong DengHui ZhangJun TangKe-Wei WuDan-Dan LiGong-Kan FengWen-Jian LanHou-Jin LiXiao-Feng Zhu Source Type: research

Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that OTA-induced oxidative DNA damage triggered the ATM-dependent pathways, which ultimately elicited a G2 arrest in GES-1 cells. PMID: 23515941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Toxicology - March 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cui J, Liu J, Wu S, Wang Y, Shen H, Xing L, Wang J, Yan X, Zhang X Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Sanguinarine induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells through ROS-mediated Egr-1 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
We examined the effects of sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic cell death in a human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line. Sanguinarine generated ROS, which was followed by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl2, XIAP and cIAP-1. Sanguinarine also promoted the activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid (tBid). However, the quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, rever...
Source: Toxicology Letters - May 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Han MH, Kim GY, Yoo YH, Choi YH Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Homocysteine alters the osteoprotegerin/RANKL system in the osteoblast to promote bone loss: pivotal role of the redox regulator forkhead O1.
In this study we determined the molecular mechanisms of how homocysteine differentially affects receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesis in the bone. The results showed that oxidative stress induced by homocysteine deranges insulin-sensitive FOXO1 and MAP kinase signaling cascades to decrease OPG and increase RANKL synthesis in osteoblast cultures. We observed that downregulation of insulin/FOXO1 and p38 MAP kinase signaling mechanisms due to phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was the key event that inhibited OPG synthesis in homocysteine-treated osteoblast c...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 15, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Vijayan V, Khandelwal M, Manglani K, Singh RR, Gupta S, Surolia A Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Dimerumic acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes methylglyoxal metabolism into d-lactic acid.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dimerumic acid (DMA) on receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) signal activation and THP-1 monocyte inflammation treated with S100b, a specific ligand of RAGE. We found that DMA inhibited inflammatory cytokine production via upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and alleviated oxidative stress through attenuation of p47phox translocation to the membrane of S100b-treated THP-1 monocytes. We found that DMA activated Nrf2 mediated by the p38 kinase pathway in THP-1 monocytes. However, anti-inflammatory activity of DMA was attenuated by...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 23, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Lee BH, Hsu WH, Hsu YW, Pan TM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
This study aimed to examine the anti-proliferative effects of α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols (αT3, γT3 and δT3), and α-tocopherol on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results showed that compared with other vitamin E analogues, γT3 demonstrated the most potent anti-proliferative effect on 3T3-L1 cells. It significantly caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and an increase in ROS formation, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Further studies showed that it down-regulated Bcl-2 and PPAR-γ expression, suppressed Akt and ERK activation and phosphorylation, and caused cytochrome c ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - June 28, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Wu SJ, Huang GY, Ng LT Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research

Glycolaldehyde induces cytotoxicity and increases glutathione and multidrug-resistance-associated protein levels in schwann cells.
Abstract Schwann cell injury is observed in diabetic neuropathy. It is speculated that glycolaldehyde (GA), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), contributes to the pathogenesis and development of diabetic neuropathy. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that GA at near-physiological concentration decreased the viability of rat Schwann cells. In contrast, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, all of which are AGE precursors, had no effects on cell viability. It is well known that methylglyoxal causes oxidative damage. In the present study, however, GA failed to induce reactive oxygen s...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - July 6, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sato K, Tatsunami R, Yama K, Tampo Y Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protects pancreatic β-cells against aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in female db/db mice and insulin-producing MIN6 cells.
This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in and whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone could prevent or delay β-cell damage in vivo and in vitro. As expected, 8 weeks after aldosterone treatment, 12-week-old female diabetic db/db mice exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance, decreased β-cell mass, and heightened levels of oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-OHdG). NAC reversed these symptoms completely, whereas spironolactone treatment did so only partially. After exposure to aldosterone, the mouse pancreatic β-cell lin...
Source: Endocrinology - September 5, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jin HM, Zhou DC, Gu HF, Qiao QY, Fu SK, Liu XL, Pan Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial fragmentation in cigarette smoke induced-bronchial epithelial cell senescence.
Conclusions: CSE-induced mitochondrial fragmentation is involved in cellular senescence through the mechanism of mitochondrial ROS production. Hence, disruption of mitochondrial dynamics may be a part of the pathogenic sequence of COPD development. PMID: 24056969 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 20, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Hara H, Araya J, Ito S, Kobayashi K, Takasaka N, Yoshii Y, Wakui H, Kojima J, Shimizu K, Numata T, Kawaishi M, Kamiya N, Odaka M, Morikawa T, Kaneko Y, Nakayama K, Kuwano K Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

Biliverdin reductase plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in human glioblastoma.
Abstract Hypoxia-induced alterations in the cellular redox status play a critical role in the development of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in cancer cells. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR), an enzyme involved in the conversion of biliverdin into bilirubin in heme metabolism, was recently identified as an important cytoprotectant against oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, the role of hBVR on hypoxia-induced drug resistance has not been previously investigated. Using human glioblastoma cell lines, we evaluated the potential role of hBVR in hypoxia-induced drug resistance. We found that hypoxia caused a signif...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - October 7, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim SS, Sin S, Lim SH, Kim SY Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

A Synergic Role of Caspase-6 and Caspase-3 in Tau Truncation at D421 Induced by H2O 2.
Abstract Tau truncation is widely detected in Alzheimer's disease brain. Caspases activation is suggested to play a significant role in tau truncation at Aspartate 421 (D421) according to their ability to cleave recombinant tau in vitro. Ample evidence has shown that caspase-6 is involved in cognitive impairment and expressed in AD brain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to caspase-6 activation and correlate with AD. Here, we transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with Tau 441 plasmid and investigated the role of caspase-6 and caspase-3 in ROS-mediated tau truncation. Our data demonstrated th...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - December 21, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao H, Zhao W, Lok K, Wang Z, Yin M Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

A ROS/STAT3/HIF‐1α signaling cascade mediates EGF‐induced TWIST1 expression and prostate cancer cell invasion
CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate a mechanism by which EGF promotes prostate cancer cell progression through a ROS/STAT3/HIF‐1α/TWIST1/N‐cadherin signaling cascade, providing novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for prostate cancer cell progression. Prostate © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: The Prostate - January 16, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Kyung Hwa Cho, Moon Jung Choi, Kang Jin Jeong, Jeong Jin Kim, Min Ha Hwang, Shang Cheul Shin, Chang Gyo Park, Hoi Young Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Proopiomelanocortin gene delivery induces apoptosis in melanoma through NADPH oxidase 4-mediated ROS generation.
In this study, we characterize the involvement of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the antineoplastic mechanism of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene delivery in a mouse B16-F10 melanoma model in vivo and in vitro. Histological analysis revealed increased TUNEL-positive cells and enhanced hypoxic activities in melanoma treated with adenovirus encoding POMC (Ad-POMC) but not control vector. Because the apoptotic cells were detected mainly in regions distant from blood vessels, it was hypothesized that POMC therapy might render melanoma cells vulnerable to hypoxic insult. Using a hypoxic chamber or cobalt...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Liu GS, Wu JC, Tsai HE, Dusting GJ, Chan EC, Wu CS, Tai MH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research