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Condition: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Total 147 results found since Jan 2013.

Plant flavonol isorhamnetin attenuates chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease via a PXR-dependent pathway
Abstract: Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol present in fruit and vegetables. We recently reported the identification of isorhamnetin as an activator of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR), a known target for abrogating inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The current study investigated the role of isorhamnetin as a putative mouse PXR activator in ameliorating chemically induced IBD. Using two different models (ulcerative colitis like and Crohn's disease like) of experimental IBD in mice, we demonstrated that isorhamnetin abrogated inflammation through inhibiting the activity of myeloperoxidase, the leve...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - May 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wei Dou, Jingjing Zhang, Hao Li, Sandhya Kortagere, Katherine Sun, Lili Ding, Gaiyan Ren, Zhengtao Wang, Sridhar Mani Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Studies for normal function of prion protein using knockout mice under the immunological or pathophysiological stress
ABSTRACT Deletion of cellular isoform of prion protein (PrPC) increased neuronal predisposition to damage by modulating to apoptosis, and the negative consequences to oxidative stress. In vivo studies demonstrated that PrPC‐deficient mice were more prone to seizure, depression and epilepsy induction, and exhibited an extent of the cerebral damage following an ischemic challenge or viral infection. Besides, adenovirus‐mediated PrPC over‐expression reduces brain damage in rat model of cerebral ischemia. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) PrPC‐deficient mice demonstrated more aggressive disease onset a...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - May 1, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Takashi Onodera, Akikazu Sakudo, Hirokazu Tsubone, Shigeyoshi Itohara Tags: Review Source Type: research

Serotonin regulates innate immune responses of colon epithelial cells through NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species.
In this study, we examined the role and mechanism of action of 5-HT in inflammatory response of colon epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In colon epithelial cells (CCD 841, HT-29, Caco-2), direct application of 5-HT induced production of ROS and monocyte-epithelial adhesion, an initial event of inflammation, which were blocked not only by 5-HT receptor antagonists (tropisetron, RS39604, and SB269970), antioxidants (ascorbic acid, apocynin) and various inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (DPI), CREB (KG-501), and NF-κB (PDTC), but also by transfection with Nox2 siRNA. Nox2-derived production of ROS corresponded with the rapid ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 10, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Chandra Regmi S, Park SY, Kwang Ku S, Kim JA Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Nanoparticles With Surface Antibody Against CD98 and Carrying CD98 Small Interfering RNA Reduce Colitis in Mice
Conclusions: Nanoparticles containing surface CD98 antibody and loaded with siCD98 reduce expression of this protein by colonic epithelial cells and macrophages, and oral administration decreases the severity of colitis in mice. This nanoparticle in hydrogel (chitosan/alginate) formulation might be developed to treat patients with IBD.
Source: Gastroenterology - February 6, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Bo Xiao, Hamed Laroui, Emilie Viennois, Saravanan Ayyadurai, Moiz A. Charania, Yuchen Zhang, Zhan Zhang, Mark T. Baker, Benyue Zhang, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Didier Merlin Tags: Basic and Translational—Alimentary Tract Source Type: research

The cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor contributes to all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of colon cancer cells
Conclusions: This study identifies a novel mechanism of action for ATRA in colorectal cancer cell differentiation and demonstrates that retinoids can have anti-tumorigenic effects through their action on the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway.
Source: BMC Cancer - July 8, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Astrid BengtssonGunilla JönssonCecilia MagnussonTavga SalimCecilia AxelssonAnita Sjölander Source Type: research

Multiple activating and repressive cis-promoter regions regulate TNFSF15 expression in human primary mononuclear cells.
Abstract TL1A/TNFSF15 has been associated with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) in GWAS (genome-wide association study) and plays a role mediating mucosal inflammation in IBD. Higher TL1A expression is associated with disease severity in both patients and mouse models. Although TL1A has been studied extensively for IBD-associated SNPs, the cis/trans-regulatory regions are poorly defined. Herein we identify response elements regulating TNFSF15 in primary human myeloid cells. Peripheral mononuclear cells transfected with TNFSF15 promoter constructs displayed 30-fold enhanced promoter activity in a minimal -74bp regi...
Source: Cytokine - April 30, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gonsky R, Deem RL, Targan SR Tags: Cytokine Source Type: research

Death-Associated Protein Kinase Controls STAT3 Activity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
ider-Stock R Abstract The TNF-IL-6-STAT3 pathway plays a crucial role in promoting ulcerative colitis-associated carcinoma (UCC). To date, the negative regulation of STAT3 is poorly understood. Interestingly, intestinal epithelial cells of UCC in comparison to ulcerative colitis show high expression levels of anti-inflammatory death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and low levels of pSTAT3. Accordingly, epithelial DAPK expression was enhanced in STAT3(IEC-KO) mice. To unravel a possible regulatory mechanism, we used an in vitro TNF-treated intestinal epithelial cell model. We identified a new function of DAPK in ...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - March 1, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Chakilam S, Gandesiri M, Rau TT, Agaimy A, Vijayalakshmi M, Ivanovska J, Wirtz RM, Schulze-Luehrmann J, Benderska N, Wittkopf N, Chellappan A, Ruemmele P, Vieth M, Rave-Fränk M, Christiansen H, Hartmann A, Neufert C, Atreya R, Becker C, Steinberg P, Schn Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

Novel transcriptional regulation of VEGF in inflammatory processes.
This study builds upon our previous results in testing the role of mouse LITAF and STAT6B in the regulation of VEGF-mediated processes. Cells cotransfected with a series of VEGF promoter deletions along with truncated forms of mLITAF and/or mSTAT6B identified a DNA binding site (between -338 and -305 upstream of the transcription site) important in LITAF and/or STAT6B-mediated transcriptional regulation of VEGF. LITAF and STAT6B corresponding protein sites were identified. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of mLITAF and/or mSTAT6B leads to significant reduction in VEGF mRNA levels and inhibits LPS-induced VEGF secretio...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - February 18, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tang X, Yang Y, Yuan H, You J, Burkatovskaya M, Amar S Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

A Genome-Wide siRNA Screen Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of the NOD2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
Abstract The cytoplasmic receptor NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) senses peptidoglycan fragments and triggers host defense pathways, including activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, which lead to inflammatory immune responses. Dysregulation of NOD2 signaling is associated with inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome. We used a genome-wide small interfering RNA screen to identify regulators of the NOD2 signaling pathway. Several genes associated with Crohn's disease risk were identified in the screen. A comparison of candidates from this screen with other "o...
Source: Science Signaling - January 23, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Warner N, Burberry A, Franchi L, Kim YG, McDonald C, Sartor MA, Núñez G Tags: Sci Signal Source Type: research

Research Resource A Genome-Wide siRNA Screen Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of the NOD2 and NF-{kappa}B Signaling Pathways
A small interfering RNA screen provides insight into the mechanisms of Crohn's disease pathogenesis.
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - January 16, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Neil Warner, Aaron Burberry, Luigi Franchi, Yun-Gi Kim, Christine McDonald, Maureen A. Sartor, Gabriel Nunez Source Type: news

Multi-compartmental oral delivery systems for nucleic acid therapy in the gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract Gene and RNA interference therapies have significant potential for alleviating countless diseases, including many associated with the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Unfortunately, oral delivery of genes and small interfering RNA (siRNA) is very challenging due to the extracellular and intracellular barriers. In this review, we discuss the utilization of multi-compartmental delivery systems for oral administration of nucleic acid therapies. Some of the illustrative examples of multi-compartmental systems include solid nanoparticles-in-microsphere, solid nanoparticles-in-emulsion, and liquid nanoparticles-in...
Source: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews - December 7, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kriegel C, Attarwala H, Amiji M Tags: Adv Drug Deliv Rev Source Type: research

Impaired autophagy leads to abnormal dendritic cell–epithelial cell interactions
Conclusions: In intestinal DC–epithelial cell interactions, autophagy deficiency leads to decreased antigen sampling, increased DC maturation and a more pro-inflammatory type of DC.
Source: Journal of Critical Care - September 17, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Caterina Strisciuglio, Marjolijn Duijvestein, Auke P. Verhaar, Anne Christine W. Vos, Gijs R. van den Brink, Daniel W. Hommes, Manon E. Wildenberg Tags: Regular papers Source Type: research