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Condition: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Total 147 results found since Jan 2013.

The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction
Barrier dysfunction is a characteristic of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding how the tight junction is modified to maintain barrier function may provide avenues for treatment of IBD. We have previously shown that the apical addition of serine proteases to intestinal epithelial cell lines causes a rapid and sustained increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that serine proteases increase barrier function through trafficking and insertion of tight junction proteins into the membrane, and this could enhan...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ronaghan, N. J., Shang, J., Iablokov, V., Zaheer, R., Colarusso, P., Turner, J. R., MacNaughton, W. K. Tags: EPITHELIAL BIOLOGY AND SECRETION Source Type: research

The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction.
Abstract Barrier dysfunction is a characteristic of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding how the tight junction is modified to maintain barrier function may provide avenues for treatment of IBD. We have previously shown that the apical addition of serine proteases to intestinal epithelial cell lines causes a rapid and sustained increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that serine proteases increase barrier function through trafficking and insertion of tight junction proteins into the membrane, an...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - August 3, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Ronaghan NJ, Shang J, Iablokov V, Zaheer R, Colarusso P, Turner JR, MacNaughton WK Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide improves colonic barrier integrity in DSS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells and mice.
In conclusion, endogenous H2S system involves in DSS-induced inflammation and H2S addition alleviated inflammation and intestinal dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 27472293 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Immunopharmacology - July 25, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhao H, Yan R, Zhou X, Ji F, Zhang B Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

GSE69445 Crohn's disease risk variant in GPR65 alters lysosomal function
Contributors : K Lassen ; G Goel ; R J XavierSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Mus musculusUsing an siRNA screen we identify a role for GPR65 in the defense against intracellular pathogens. Epithelial cells and macrophages lacking GPR65 exhibited impaired clearance of intracellular bacteria as well as an accumulation of aberrant phagosomes and lysosomes. Transcriptional profiling revealed changes in genes associated with lysosomal function.
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - June 15, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

The suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS1 promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via p53 signaling in Crohn's Disease.
This study was designed to investigate whether SOCS1 has a role in the death of intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal injury. The results showed that the expression of SOCS1 increased in CD patients, and the expression of SOCS1, p-p53 and PUMA increased in mouse TNBS induced colitis model. Using IFN-γ treated HT-29 cells as an apoptotic model of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, we confirmed that SOCS1 promoted apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by activating p53. In HT-29 cells which were treated with IFN-γ, the interaction between p53 and SOCS1 and phosphorylation of p53 was significantly higher than unt...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology - May 24, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Cui X, Shan X, Qian J, Ji Q, Wang L, Wang X, Li M, Ding H, Liu Q, Chen L, Zhang D, Ni R Tags: Exp Mol Pathol Source Type: research

Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Long Noncoding RNA, BC012900, Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Conclusions: Multiple lncRNAs are differentially expressed in IBD and play a role in regulating cellular physiology. Our results indicate that lncRNAs may be integral modulators of intestinal inflammation associated with IBD and represent novel targets for future therapeutics and diagnostic marker development.
Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - March 15, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Basic Science Articles Source Type: research

Oroxyloside prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through PPARγ activation.
Abstract Oroxyloside, as a metabolite of oroxylin A, may harbor various beneficial bioactivities which have rarely been reported in the previous studies. Here we established the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of oroxyloside in vivo. As a result, oroxyloside attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. Furthermore, oroxyloside inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities as well. The production of pro-inflamm...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - March 3, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Kong L, Li Z, Guo Q, Zhao L Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

De Novo sphingolipid synthesis is essential for Salmonella -induced autophagy and human beta-defensin 2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Conclusions Our results offer mechanistic insights on the role of de novo sphingolipid synthesis in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelial cells to Salmonella infection. The pharmaceuticals enhancing or diet enriched with sphingolipids may induce the dual anti-bacterial mechanisms. The role of de novo sphingolipid synthesis on inflammatory bowel disease is deserved to be further investigated.
Source: Gut Pathogens - February 18, 2016 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Enzyme- and pH-responsive microencapsulated nanogels for oral delivery of siRNA to induce TNF-α knockdown in the intestine.
Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) manifest from excessive intestinal inflammation. Local delivery of siRNA that targets these inflammatory cytokines would provide a novel treatment approach. Microencapsulated nanogels are designed and validated as platforms for oral delivery of siRNA targeting TNF-α, a common clinical target of IBD treatments. The preferred platform was designed to (i) protect siRNA-loaded nanogels from the harsh acidic environment of the upper GI tract; and (ii) enzymatically degrade and release the nanogels once the carrier has reached the intestinal region. This platform consists of m...
Source: Biomacromolecules - January 26, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Knipe JM, Strong LE, Peppas NA Tags: Biomacromolecules Source Type: research

Increased Expression of Interleukin-36, a Member of the Interleukin-1 Cytokine Family, in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusions: IL-36α and IL-36γ may play a proinflammatory role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease through induction of CXC chemokines and acute phase proteins.
Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - January 24, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Basic Science Articles Source Type: research

Effects of particle size and binding affinity for small interfering RNA on the cellular processing, intestinal permeation and anti‐inflammatory efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles
ConclusionsNanoparticles with a particle size of 450 nm or balanced binding affinity for siRNA might be preferable for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: The Journal of Gene Medicine - December 11, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Wenyue Cheng, Cui Tang, Chunhua Yin Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Increased IGF-IEc expression and mechano-growth factor production in intestinal muscle of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease and smooth muscle hypertrophy
The igf1 gene is alternatively spliced as IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc variants in humans. In fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 induces IGF-IEa expression and IGF-I production in intestinal smooth muscle and results in muscle hyperplasia and collagen I production that contribute to stricture formation. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) derived from IGF-IEc induces skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy following stress. We hypothesized that increased IGF-IEc expression and MGF production mediated smooth muscle hypertrophy also characteristic of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease. IGF-IEc transcripts and MGF p...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - December 1, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Li, C., Vu, K., Hazelgrove, K., Kuemmerle, J. F. Tags: HORMONES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, GROWTH FACTORS, RECEPTORS, AND SIGNALING Source Type: research

Short- and long-term regulation of intestinal Na+/H+ exchange by Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR5
In this study, we evaluated the activity and expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) subtypes in T84 intestinal epithelial cells during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by monophosphoryl lipid A and TLR5 by flagellin. NHE activity and intracellular pH were evaluated by spectrofluorescence. Additionally, kinase activities were evaluated by ELISA, and siRNA was used to specifically inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) (0.01–50.00 μg/ml) and flagellin (10–500 ng/ml) inhibited NHE1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner (MPLA short term –25.2 ± 5.0%, long term &ndash...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - October 15, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cabral, J. M., Gracio, D., Soares-da-Silva, P., Magro, F. Tags: INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY, AND INFECTION Source Type: research

Increased IGF-IEc Expression and Mechano-Growth Factor Production in Intestinal Muscle of Fibrostenotic Crohn's Disease and Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy.
Abstract The igf1 gene is alternatively spliced as IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc variants in humans. In fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 induces IGF-IEa expression, IGF-I production in intestinal smooth muscle and results in muscle hyperplasia and collagen I production that contribute to stricture formation. MGF derived from IGF-IEc induces skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy following stress. We hypothesized that increased IGF-IEc expression and MGF production mediated smooth muscle hypertrophy also characteristic of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease. IGF-IEc transcripts and MGF protein were i...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 1, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Li C, Vu K, Hazelgrove K, Kuemmerle JF Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Short- and long-term regulation of intestinal Na+/H+ exchange by toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR5.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Activation of TLR4 and TLR5 exerts marked inhibition of NHE1 activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Transduction mechanisms set into motion during TLR4-mediated and long-term TLR5-mediated inhibition of NHE1 activity involves AC3, PKA, PLC and PKC. However, short- and long-term TLR4 activation and TLR5 activation might use different signalling pathways. The physiological alterations upon IEC described here may be useful in the development of better IBD therapeutics. PMID: 26294670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 20, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cabral JM, Gracio D, Soares-da-Silva P, Magro F Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research