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What Are Pulmonary Embolism Risk Factors?
Discussion Pulmonary embolism (PE) is potentially life-threatening but fortunately rare event especially in the pediatric population. It was first described in children in 1861. PE is likely underreported because of minimal or non-specific clinical symptoms. The incidence is estimated at 0.05-4.2% with the 4.2% based on autopsy reports. It is probably also increasing as more central venous catheters (CVC) are used, and more children are surviving previously poor prognostic diseases. There is a bimodal distribution with cases < 1 year (especially neonates which account for ~50% of this group) and in teenagers. Neonates a...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 23, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Comparison of high-resolution synchrotron-radiation-based phase-contrast imaging and absorption-contrast imaging for evaluating microstructure of vascular networks in rat brain: from 2D to 3D views
In conclusion, SR-based phase-contrast imaging holds great promise for visualizing microstructure of microvascular networks in two- and three-dimensional perspectives during the development of neurovascular diseases.
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation - September 10, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Li, H. Ding, H. Yin, X. Chen, Z. Tang, B. Sun, J. Hu, X. Lv, X. Kang, S. Fan, Y. Wu, T. Zhao, S. Xiao, B. Zhang, M. Tags: 2D 3D brain microtomography synchrotron radiation vascular network research papers Source Type: research

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the distribution of spray and irrigation devices within the sinonasal cavities
ConclusionA technique has been developed using MRI evaluation of radioopaque contrast to characterize the temporospatial distribution of topical drug delivery within the sinonasal cavities.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - September 1, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joey Siu, James Jordan Johnston, Beau Pontre, Kiao Inthavong, Richard George Douglas Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The effect of olfactory training on odor identification in patients with traumatic anosmia
ConclusionOur results show that olfactory training can slightly improve odor threshold levels in patients with traumatic anosmia, but did not improve the odor identification ability. Nevertheless, clinical improvement or benefit in quality of life from olfactory training needs further investigation.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - August 20, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rong ‐San Jiang, Chih‐Wen Twu, Kai‐Li Liang Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome
Conclusions: The characteristic EEG pattern in the acute phase promoted timely diagnosis of FIRES. Our data suggest that KD may be a safe and promising therapy for FIRES with SRSE, and that early initiation of KD produces a favorable prognosis. Therefore, KD should be applied earlier in the course of FIRES. Intravenous KD can be an effective alternative route of administration for patients who may not take KD enterally. Introduction Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare epileptic encephalopathy of unknown etiology which occurs in patients without active epilepsy or underlying neurological diso...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Conclusion: Some patients with psychiatric syndromes and increased ANA titers may suffer from psychiatric variants of SLE, even if the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE are not met. Whether the psychiatric symptoms in our patient represent a prodromal stage with the later manifestation of full-blown SLE or a subtype of SLE with isolated CNS involvement remains unclear. Regardless, early diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive treatment are essential steps in preventing further disease progression and organ damage. Intrathecal ANAs with extractable nuclear antigen differentiation may be a more sensitiv...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 24, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dismantling the pathophysiology of asthma using imaging
Asthma remains an important disease worldwide, causing high burden to patients and healthcare systems and presenting a need for better management and ultimately prevention and cure. Asthma is a very heterogeneous condition, with many different pathophysiological processes. Better measurement of those pathophysiological processes are needed to better phenotype disease, and to go beyond the current, highly limited measurements that are currently used: spirometry and symptoms. Sophisticated three-dimensional lung imaging using computed tomography and ventilation imaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron...
Source: European Respiratory Review - April 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: King, G. G., Farrow, C. E., Chapman, D. G. Tags: Lung imaging, Asthma and allergy Dismantling Airway Disease Source Type: research

Histamine and Delirium: Current Opinion
This study indicated that switch from H2 blockers to PPIs reduced delirium and, thus, providing an appropriate strategy to combat drug-induced delirium using antiulcer drugs (Fujii et al., 2012). The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus is a sleep-promoting nucleus located in the basal forebrain. A commonly used intravenous anesthetic, propofol, had been reported to induce sleep and augment the firing rate of neurons in ventrolateral GABAergic preoptic nucleus, but the underlining mechanism is yet to be clearly determined. Interestingly, the propofol-induced inhibition of inhibitory postsynaptic currents on noradrenalin-inhibite...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Gadolinium induced anaphylaxis with positive skin tests
Gadolinium is a heavy metal element with paramagnetic properties used as contrast in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies. There are nine types of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), that may be classified as ionic or nonionic and linear or macrocyclic.1 Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to GBCAs are uncommon (0.004 to 0.7%), but anaphylaxis (0.001 to 0.01%2) and fatalities have occurred. These less frequent acute reactions were once considered non-immunological. However, there are few case reports implicating an IgE-dependent allergic mechanism.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - March 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava, Alex M. Kesler, Ismael Carrilo-Martin, Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada Tags: Letters Source Type: research

Gadolinium-induced anaphylaxis with positive skin test results
Gadolinium is a heavy metal element with paramagnetic properties used as contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. There are 9 types of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which can be classified as ionic or nonionic and linear or macrocyclic.1 Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to GBCAs are uncommon (0.004%-0.7%), but anaphylaxis (0.001%-0.01%2) and fatalities have occurred. These less frequent acute reactions were once considered nonimmunologic. However, there are few case reports that implicate an IgE-dependent allergic mechanism.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - March 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava, Alex M. Kesler, Ismael Carrillo-Martin, Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Study: 15 percent of babies exposed to Zika before birth had severe abnormalities in first 18 months of life
This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health ’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Eye Institute, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Explorations, and grants from government agencies and other funders in Brazil.
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - December 12, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

An Ounce of Caution: Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Based MRI Contrast Associated Anaphylaxis
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are increasingly utilized alternatives to gadolinium-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic patients with renal failure [1]. Ferumoxytol is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency, for intravenous (IV) use for iron replacement therapy [1-3]. Ferumoxytol is composed of an iron-carbohydrate complex that minimizes dissociation and appearance of free iron into the serum.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 12, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alexander J. Heckman, Anjali Agarwal, Keith A. Sacco, Brett T. Hiroto, Pramod K. Guru Tags: Letters Source Type: research

An ounce of caution
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are increasingly used alternatives to gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic patients with renal failure.1 Ferumoxytol is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for intravenous use for iron replacement therapy.1 –3 Ferumoxytol is composed of an iron–carbohydrate complex that minimizes dissociation and appearance of free iron into the serum.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 12, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alexander J. Heckman, Anjali Agarwal, Keith A. Sacco, Brett T. Hiroto, Pramod K. Guru Tags: Letters Source Type: research