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Factors that impact on recruitment to vaccine trials in the context of a pandemic or epidemic: a qualitative evidence synthesis
CONCLUSIONS: This review identifies many of the factors that influence a person's decision to take part in a vaccine trial, and these reflect findings from reviews that examine trials more broadly. However, we also recognise some factors that become more important in connection with a vaccine trial in the context of a pandemic or epidemic. These factors include the potential stigma of taking part, the possible adverse effects of a vaccine, the added motivation for helping society, the role of community leaders in trial dissemination, and the level of trust placed in governments and companies developing vaccines. These spec...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Pauline Meskell Linda M Biesty Maura Dowling Kevin Roche Elaine Meehan Claire Glenton Declan Devane Sasha Shepperd Andrew Booth Rebecca Cox Xin Hui S Chan Catherine Houghton Source Type: research

Application of Behavioral Theories to Disaster and Emergency Health Preparedness: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSIONS Based on the articles archived and selected, behavioral theories and models are applied to disasters and emergencies preparedness more commonly in developed countries (USA and Europe). In Asia, where the annual number of disasters events and victims exceed those in other continents, only 3 studies applying behavioral theories and models to disasters and emergencies were identifies. This identified a need for additional research to target the use of behavioral change theories in the Asian countries that bear the brunt of disasters and their consequences. This does not, however, mean that these theories have not ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - July 1, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Luche Tadesse Ejeta Source Type: research

Factors that impact on recruitment to vaccine trials in the context of a pandemic or epidemic: a qualitative evidence synthesis
CONCLUSIONS: This review identifies many of the factors that influence a person's decision to take part in a vaccine trial, and these reflect findings from reviews that examine trials more broadly. However, we also recognise some factors that become more important in connection with a vaccine trial in the context of a pandemic or epidemic. These factors include the potential stigma of taking part, the possible adverse effects of a vaccine, the added motivation for helping society, the role of community leaders in trial dissemination, and the level of trust placed in governments and companies developing vaccines. These spec...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 1, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Pauline Meskell Linda M Biesty Maura Dowling Kevin Roche Elaine Meehan Claire Glenton Declan Devane Sasha Shepperd Andrew Booth Rebecca Cox Xin Hui S Chan Catherine Houghton Source Type: research

Ebolavirus: Comparison of Survivor Immunology and Animal Models in the Search for a Correlate of Protection
Ebola viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Filoviridae family and can cause Ebola virus disease (EVD), a serious haemorrhagic illness with up to 90% mortality. The disease was first detected in Zaire (currently the Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1976. Since its discovery, Ebola virus has caused sporadic outbreaks in Africa and was responsible for the largest 2013–2016 EVD epidemic in West Africa, which resulted in more than 28,600 cases and over 11,300 deaths. This epidemic strengthened international scientific efforts to contain the virus and develop therapeutics and vaccines. Immunology...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 19, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Validating the Use of Google Trends to Enhance Pertussis Surveillance in California
We examined the possible role of a delay to pertussis diagnosis (from symptom onset) limiting the model performance, but an extended models using lagged observed pertussis time series did not show improvement of model fit. This may indicate that the model is detecting real-time Google activity performed around the time patients receive a pertussis diagnosis (rather than detecting Google activity about pertussis symptoms before seeking healthcare). Since the launch of Google Flu Trends in 2009, there have been numerous other applications of Google Trends to a broad number of communicable diseases as diverse as Ebola and m...
Source: PLOS Currents Outbreaks - October 19, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: spollett Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Silent Killers Amidst The Fast And The Furious
Attention to Ebola is important. The virus’s ability to easily cross regional and national borders makes it a significant threat to global health and national security. The swift and aggressive international response to the 2014 outbreak of the Ebola virus, which has killed at least 10,000 people in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea, has been laudable and has resulted in positive outcomes, such as reduced disease transmission and strengthened global health and coordination systems. For example, staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, including those from various divisions at the Na...
Source: Health Affairs Blog - May 7, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Karen R. Siegel, K.M. Venkat Narayan and Christine Hancock Tags: Costs and Spending Featured Global Health Public Health chronic disease Diabetes Ebola H1N1 Source Type: blogs

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Wikipedia May Predict The Next Global Health Crisis
Scientists may one day be able to predict epidemics simply by analyzing what people are searching on the Internet. Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico found that a surge in Wikipedia traffic for certain disease-related articles predicted the large-scale spread of illnesses in several world locations, sometimes as long as 28 days before official spikes were recorded. The findings were published online Thursday in PLOS Computational Biology. Unlike Google flu trends, which uses search data to reflect where outbreaks are happening, the Wikipedia analysis can predict an outbreak. Nicholas Generou...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - November 17, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Ebola disease: an international public health emergency
In conclusion, the 2014 epidemic of EVD has shown to the world that in absence of a strong public health care delivery system even a rare disease can risk the lives of millions of people. The crux of this epidemic is that a large scale and coordinated international response is the need of the hour to support affected and at-risk nations in intensifying their response activities and strengthening of national capacities.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease - February 21, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Benefits of using heterologous polyclonal antibodies and potential application to new and undertreated infectious pathogens.
CONCLUSIONS: Polyclonal antibodies have been successfully applied to rabies, envenomation and intoxication. Polyclonal production provides an exciting opportunity to revolutionise the prognosis of both longstanding neglected tropical diseases as well as emerging infectious threats to humans. PMID: 26802604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - January 20, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dixit R, Herz J, Dalton R, Booy R Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

ALIX Rescues Budding of a Double PTAP/PPEY L-Domain Deletion Mutant of Ebola VP40: A Role for ALIX in Ebola Virus Egress
Ebola (EBOV) is an enveloped, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the family Filoviridae that causes hemorrhagic fever syndromes with high-mortality rates. To date, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to control EBOV infection and prevent transmission. Consequently, the need to better understand the mechanisms that regulate virus transmission is critical to developing countermeasures. The EBOV VP40 matrix protein plays a central role in late stages of virion assembly and egress, and independent expression of VP40 leads to the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) by a mechanism that accurately mimics buddi...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 9, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Han, Z., Madara, J. J., Liu, Y., Liu, W., Ruthel, G., Freedman, B. D., Harty, R. N. Tags: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Source Type: research

Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle
Reena Goswami1, Gayatri Subramanian2, Liliya Silayeva1, Isabelle Newkirk1, Deborah Doctor1, Karan Chawla2, Saurabh Chattopadhyay2, Dhyan Chandra3, Nageswararao Chilukuri1 and Venkaiah Betapudi1,4* 1Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States 3Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Clev...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research