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Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Primary Sj ögren's Syndrome: Does Inflammation Matter?
Conclusions The markers of endothelial activation and damage and of chronic inflammation investigated until now failed to result predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis or to be associated with increased risk of CV events in SS patients. This may suggest that other mechanisms are implicated with increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in SS or that these biomarkers exert a different mechanism in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage and in the induction of atherosclerosis. Surely, the relationship between the disease itself and inflammatory and immune dysfunction factors is quite complex and still to be cla...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Astragaloside IV promotes microglia/macrophages M2 polarization and enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis through PPAR γ pathway after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Astragaloside IV promotes microglia/macrophages M2 polarization and enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis through PPARγ pathway after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan 08;92:107335 Authors: Li L, Gan H, Jin H, Fang Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Hu X, Chu L Abstract Microglia/macrophages play a dual role in brain injury and repair following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Promoting microglia/macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype has been considered as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a pr...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 8, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Li L, Gan H, Jin H, Fang Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Hu X, Chu L Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Endothelin-1-Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Growth Hormone/IGF-1 Deficient Lewis Dwarf Rat
This study was designed to assess whether GH/IGF-1-deficiency influences the outcome of cerebral ischemia. We found that endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion resulted in a modest but nonsignificant decrease in cerebral infarct size in GH/IGF-1 deficient dw/dw rats compared with control heterozygous littermates and dw/dw rats with early-life GH treatment. Expression of endothelin receptors and endothelin-1-induced constriction of the middle cerebral arteries were similar in the three experimental groups. Interestingly, dw/dw rats exhibited reduced brain edema and less astrocytic infiltration compared with t...
Source: Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences - October 9, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Yan, H., Mitschelen, M., Toth, P., Ashpole, N. M., Farley, J. A., Hodges, E. L., Warrington, J. P., Han, S., Fung, K.-M., Csiszar, A., Ungvari, Z., Sonntag, W. E. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Mechanistic Evidence in Support of Alpha1-Antitrypsin as a Therapeutic Approach for Type 1 Diabetes
Utilizing endogenous molecules as a therapeutic approach is almost unequivocally superior to engineered or synthetic molecules. However, one rarely encounters an anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory and wound-healing molecule that has been available for use for decades. α1-antitrypsin (AAT), a circulating protein that rises more than 4-fold during acute-phase responses, has been administered for a rare genetic deficiency at large doses, for life. Aside from advances in insulin therapy, medical research in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has predominantly focused on autoimmunity—controlling the adaptive imm...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 28, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fleixo-Lima, G., Ventura, H., Medini, M., Bar, L., Strauss, P., Lewis, E. C. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Contemporary Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Insulin-Treated and Non–Insulin-Treated Diabetes
Conclusions Patients with diabetes undergoing CABG have substantially increased risk of major adverse events. Patients with ITDM represent an especially high-risk group.
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - August 25, 2015 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Contemporary Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Insulin-Treated and Non-Insulin-Treated Diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes undergoing CABG have substantially increased risk of major adverse events. Patients with ITDM represent an especially high-risk group. PMID: 26319487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - August 25, 2015 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Li Z, Amsterdam EA, Young JN, Hoegh H, Armstrong EJ Tags: Ann Thorac Surg Source Type: research

Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Health and Disease Processes.
Abstract Humans in modern societies typically consume food at least three times daily, while laboratory animals are fed ad libitum. Overconsumption of food with such eating patterns often leads to metabolic morbidities (insulin resistance, excessive accumulation of visceral fat, etc.), particularly when associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Because animals, including humans, evolved in environments where food was relatively scarce, they developed numerous adaptations that enabled them to function at a high level, both physically and cognitively, when in a food-deprived/fasted state. Intermittent fasting (IF) enco...
Source: Ageing Research Reviews - October 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M Tags: Ageing Res Rev Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair
We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - October 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Weekend Sleep-In Might Ruin Your Waistline And Your Health, Study Says
(CNN) — Wake up, America, and raise your hand if you try to repair your exhausted body by sleeping in on weekends. A new study says the habit may not be such a good idea for your waistline — or your health. “Weekend catch-up sleep is not protective,” said Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, director of sleep research at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “The bottom line of this study is that even if you sleep longer on weekends, if you continue to sleep poorly, you will still eat too much, and you will still gain weight.” The common behavior of “sleeping in on the weekends doesn&...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - February 28, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Health – CBS Boston Tags: Health News CNN Sleep Source Type: news

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Apelin-13 Suppresses Neuroinflammation Against Cognitive Deficit in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease Through Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway
Conclusion The data in this manuscript demonstrates that apelin-13 upregulates BDNF against STZ-induced congnitive impairment by suppressing glial cell activity and inflammatory factors release. This suggests apelin signaling may be a new target in the treatment of AD. Ethics Statement All experimental protocols were carried out according to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals approved by the Central South University at XiangYa Animal Care and Use Committee. Author Contributions XqQ and LH conceived the study and contributed to its experimental design. HqL carried out the...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

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