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Advances in the Relationships Between Cow ’s Milk Protein Allergy and Gut Microbiota in Infants
Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune response to cow’s milk proteins, which is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. It is estimated that 2–3% of infants and young children have CMPA. The diet, gut microbiota, and their interactions are believed to be involved in the alterations of mucosal immune tolerance, which might lead to the development of CMPA and other food allergies. In this review, the potential molecular mechanisms of CMPA, including omics technologies used for analyzing microbiota, impacts of early microbial exposures on CMPA development, and microbiota–host inte...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Update on the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch. Although it most often starts in infancy and affects children, it is also highly prevalent in adults. In this article, the main aspects of AD have been updated, with a focus on the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, and it is evident that a strong genetic predisposition, epidermal dysfunction, skin microbiome abnormalities, immune dysregulation, and the neuroimmune system are critical in AD development. Mutations in the genes associated with disrupted ep...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - August 2, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Association of Gut Microbiota and Treg Dysfunction in Autoimmune Diseases.
Authors: Liu Y, Tran DQ, Lindsey JW, Rhoads JM Abstract Autoimmune conditions affect 23 million Americans or 7% of the US population. There are more than 100 autoimmune disorders, affecting every major organ system in humans. This chapter aims to further explain Treg dysfunction autoimmune disorders, including monogenic primary immune deficiency such as immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked inheritance (IPEX) syndrome, and polygenic autoimmune diseases with Treg dysfunction such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and food allergy. These conditions are associated w...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 3, 2021 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies
Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial trans...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 13, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Microbiota in non-IgE-mediated food allergy
Purpose of review To perform a nonsystematic review of the literature on the microbiota in the different types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy. Recent findings The commonest non-IgE-mediated disorders managed by allergists include: eosinophilic esophagitis, food protein-induced enteropathy, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis. The review of the literature describes how at phylum level we observe an increase of Proteobacteria in eosinophilic esophagitis esophageal microbiota and in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, and food protein-induced allergic pr...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - May 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: FOOD ALLERGY: Edited by Alessandro Fiocchi and Motohiro Ebisawa Source Type: research

The microbiota and immune-mediated diseases: opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 31991477 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Immunology - January 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fitzgibbon G, Mills KHG Tags: Eur J Immunol Source Type: research

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, our results exhibited a relatively complete picture of core gut bacteria in healthy mice that they were mainly composed of carbohydrate- and amino acids-metabolizing bacteria and immunomodulatory bacteria, as well as their ecological relationships of symbiosis or functional redundancy. It was worth noting that the core bacteria resident in healthy gut was of fundamental importance for not only the healthy physiological characteristics, but also the chronic metabolic disease phenotypes. Our study focused on the gut microbiota of healthy host, and would be an important complement to the case–...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Conclusions In conclusion, articles in this Research Topic made a very significant contribution to our understanding of the role played by environmental factors, dysbiotic conditions, and infections in triggering diseases. Since this is a rapidly expanding area of research, many other factors contributing to the onset of these diseases are not covered here. We are confident, however, that further studies will expand the list as well as bring a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the onset of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Author Contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 normalized the parameters altered by CTX-induced toxicities, strengthening intestinal health by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, ameliorating the intestinal morphology and improving profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggested that the administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage in reducing intestinal immunity impairment caused by cyclophosphamide. Ethics Statement This study was carried out according to the Animal Care Review Committee, Northeas...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Contribution of Non-immune Cells to Activation and Modulation of the Intestinal Inflammation
Conclusions As the intestinal mucosa surface constitutes the major surface of the body which is in direct contact with the outer environment, intestinal immune homeostasis must be accurately regulated. The interplay between commensal microbiota, intestinal stromal cells, and the mucosal immune system components should guarantee the intestinal homeostasis to avoid a sustained inflammation that could induce tissue damage. However, several factors can lead to inflammation through homeostasis breakdown. Figure 1 summarizes the main points that have been reviewed here. We have described what it is known so far about the role o...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 1679: Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem
la Serena Schippa A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administratio...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - August 7, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Antonella Gagliardi Valentina Totino Fatima Cacciotti Valerio Iebba Bruna Neroni Giulia Bonfiglio Maria Trancassini Claudio Passariello Fabrizio Pantanella Serena Schippa Tags: Review Source Type: research

What is DIOS?
Discussion Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR). It is found in the epithelium of the bronchi, intestine, pancreatic duct and biliary tree. It regulates chloride, bicarbonate and water secretion. The heterozygous state helps prevent against secretory diarrhea, but the homozygous state causes thickened secretions in the hollow tubes of the lungs and digestive tract. There are multiple mutations (> 2000) which have been currently classified into classes depending on their protein production and activity. CF patients generally are l...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 18, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news